protein 11, 16, 29, 45, 221
conjugated 118–119
in electron transfer 94
heat-shock 125
iron in 108
iron responsive 145
iron sulfur 145, 213
protein phosphatase 221
proteoglycan 221
proteomics 221
protic. Seeprotogenic solvent
protium 149
protogenic solvent 221–222
protolysis 222
proton 20, 21, 26, 27, 222
and mass number 173
vs. neutron 187
proton affinity 222
protonation 222
proton motive force 222
proton pump 49, 222
protophilic 16
protophilic solvent 222
protoplasm 68, 222
protoporphyrin IX 109, 222
prototropic rearrangement.
Seetautomerism
Prussian Order 109
pseudobinary ionic
compounds 222–223
pseudocatalysis 223
pseudo-first-order rate
coefficient. Seeorder of
reaction
pseudomolecular
rearrangement 223
pseudopericyclic 223, 223
pseudo-unimolecular 223
pterin 223
p-type semiconductor 223
Pugwash 129
purity 209
pyrilamine 32–33
pyrolysis 110, 223
Q
QSAR. Seequantitative
structure-activity
relationships
quantitative analysis 225,
225
Quantitative Laws in
Biological Chemistry
(Arrhenius) 18
quantitative structure-activity
relationships 124, 225
quantum mechanics
184–185, 225
quantum number 94, 172,
225
quantum theory 31, 71,84,
214
and Lyman series 169
uncertainty principle in
125
quantum yield 225–226
quartz 180, 226
quaternary ammonium salts
(quats) 226
quaternary nitrogen 226
quaternary structure 226
quinine 57R
racemic 227
radar 84
radiant energy 91
radiation 18, 23, 26, 33, 34,
227
measurement of 116
radical 112
free. Seefree radical
radical (free radical) 227
radical anion. Seeradical ion
radical center(s) 227
radical combination. See
colligation
radical ion 112, 227–228
radical pair 228
radio 90
radioactinium 122
radioactive isotope 228
radioactive tracer 228
radioactivity 65, 191–192,
228
radiocarbon dating 228
radiolysis 228
radiometer 74
radiometric dating 228–230
radionuclide 32, 230
radiothorium 122
radium 65
radius ratio 230
Radnitz, Gerty Theresa
60–61, 61, 61
radon 23, 194, 230
Raman spectroscopy 230
Raoult’s law 230
rate coefficient. Seekinetic
equivalence; order of
reaction
rate constant 48, 87–88, 166,
230
and electrophilicity 95
rate-controlling step 26,
230–231
rate-determining step 231
rate law 164, 231
rate of appearance. Seerate
of reactionrate of reaction 21, 47, 54,
231–232
reactants 232
reacting bond rules 232
reaction
chemical. Seechemical
reaction
nuclear. Seenuclear
reaction
reaction coordinate 232
reaction mechanism. See
mechanism
reaction path 232
reaction ratio 232
reaction stage 232
reaction step 233
reactive, reactivity 233
reactivity index 233
reactivity-selectivity principle
(RSP) 233
reagent 49, 76
real gas 233
Réamur, René-Antoine
Ferchault de 234
rearrangement. See
degenerate rearrangement;
molecular rearrangement;
sigmatropic rearrangement
rearrangement stage 234
receptor 14, 21, 234
receptor mapping 234–235
receptor-mediated endocytosis
235
receptor potential 235
redox potential 235
redox reaction 55–56, 122,
139
reducing agent 235
reductase. See
oxidoreductase
reduction 89–90, 235
reductive elimination 235
refractory material/metal 235
regioselectivity, regioselective
235–236
regulation 236
Reich, Wilhelm 28
Reichstein, Tadeus 154, 236
Reimer, Martha 83
relative configuration 236
relaxation 236
chemical 48
releaser 236
Renaldini, Carlo 106
reorganization energy 236
repressor molecules 99
reproduction, asexual 27
research 84, 135
Research Corporation Award
164, 174
residence time 236resolving power 236
resonance 72, 176, 236–237
resonance absorption
187–188
resonance effect 92, 237
resonance energy 237
resonance Raman
spectroscopy 237
respiration 237
cellular 2
resting potential 237
restriction enzyme 237
rete mirabile 62
retroaddition 67
retrocycloaddition 67
retro-ene raction. Seeene
reaction
reversability 179
reverse micelle. Seeinverted
micelle
reverse osmosis 237
reversible reaction 237
Rh blood types 238
rheumatoid arthritis 119,
153–154
Rh factor 159–160
rhodopsin 238
rho-sigma (ρσ) equation. See
Hammett equation; rho (ρ)
value; sigma (σ) constant;
Taft equation
rho (ρ) value 238
ribonucleotide reductases
238
ribose 238
ribosomal RNA 238
ribosome 176, 238, 239
ribozyme 239
ribulose-1,5-biphosphate
carboxylase 239
Rieske iron-sulfur protein
239
Rieske protein 107
Ritchie equation 239
RNA 53, 58, 195, 238
and amino acids 11
and antisense molecules
16
base pairing in 24
base pair substation in
24–25
blotting of 30
and enzyme repression
99
expression in 102
and growth factor 120
messenger 176
transfer 176
roenthen 239
Romer, Olaus 106
rotamer 239–240Index 339