Sources of variation
in saccotechnique 234–244
Sow
pregnancy 327
Soybean(s)
antigens 385
antigenic effect 409
hulls 218, 221, 222
meal 291
Sparteine 385
Specific appetites 329
Spectroscopic analysis seeNear infrared spectroscopy
Sphingomyelin 116
Spores
bacterial 262, 265–266
Sporidesmin A 387, 388, 391
Stanchions 375, 377–378
Starch
in carbohydrate classification 122
carbohydrate pool 221
degradability 246
digestion 125–126, 130, 131, 142
escape 245–246
as feed component 122–126, 223–224
fermentation in rumen 135
Stearic acid 100
Stomach
distension 323
Straw
ensilage with enzymes 417
Stress
heat 380
Sucrase 125, 126, 127
Sucrose 123, 125, 126, 130
Sugars 122, 125, 135, 221, 250
Sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) 394
Sunflower meal 291
Supplement intake estimation 270
Supplementation
of forages 346, 399, 417
Swine seePiglets/pigs
Synthesis
protein 25–27, 31–32
Syringe technique 210
Systems
transport 3–20
amino acid 4–5, 7, 9, 10, 13, 15–19
ion 4, 5, 19
peptide 7–8
T-2 toxin 387, 391, 392
Tannins
condensed 227, 385, 390, 392–394, 398–401
adverse effects 390, 392, 398
beneficial effects 393–394
in browse legumes 384, 392
in Lotus pedunculatus 392
in protein protection 393
Taste preference 378–379
Taurine 98
Techniques
digestibility
regression 292–302
gas production 209–229
apparatus 210–213, 215–217
curves 218, 221, 223
factors affecting 213–214
general law 210
models 217, 220
and intake predictions 228
lag 217–219
quantitative aspects 209–210
yield 210, 225, 227
from carbohydrate fermentation 210
in sacco233–250
applications 244–249
bag characteristics 234
bag procedure effects 236–238
calculation of effective degradability 243–244
calculation of parameters 242–243
cell wall ruminal digestion 246–247
degradation kinetics: models 240–244
digestibility estimation 246–247
drying effects 236
exchanges between bag and rumen 236–240
fibrolytic activity of rumen microbes 248–250
fill index 247–248
ingestibility prediction 247–249
input of microorganisms 238–239
microbial colonization 238–240
milling 234
N escape 244–245
output of microorganisms 239–240
prediction of cell wall digestion 246–249
prediction of rumen escape 244–246
sample characteristics 234–236
sources of variation 234–244
starch escape 245–246
isotope dilution 162, 163
use of markers
external 258–264, 266–268
flow 348
internal 256–258, 267
profiles 343
properties 255–256
near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)
185–205
applications to feed chemistry 199–203
basis for 185–186
calibration 186–193, 196–198
chemometrics 193–198
general 185–186
instrumentation 186–187, 198–199
limitations 191, 203–206
sample populations 188–193, 201
sample preparation 186, 191
Temperature control 214
Terminal electron acceptor 136, 138
Threonine 288, 289
Thyroid hormones 153, 155
Titanium oxide 261
Toxicity
acute 389–390
chronic 390–398
Toxicology 389–397
Trace elements 161–180
dynamics 161–180
homeostasis 161–180
Transit time 343
Transition metals 259–261
Transport
active 4, 128–129
amino acids
acidic 15
anionic 4, 5, 7, 11–13, 16, 17
basic 13, 15
cationic 5, 7, 9–11, 13, 14, 16–17
cell and tissue expression 5, 7, 10–14
chickens 16–17
neutral 5, 13, 15, 16, 18
pigs 17–18
placenta 7, 10, 12, 13, 15
sheep and cattle 18–20
substrate affinities 9, 10
systems 3–20
zwitterionic 7, 13–16
copper 173
coupled 156
electron 136–138
glucose 128–129
ion 4–5, 19, 150–152, 156
Ca2+ATPase 5
H+ATPase 4, 5
Na+/H+ exchanger 4, 19
Na+/H+ATPase 5
Na+/K+ATPase 4, 5, 19
lipid 102–104
paracellular 128, 144
peptide
cell and tissue expression 6, 7–8
chickens 16–17
peptidomimetic drugs 6, 8, 9, 10
pigs 17–18Index 437