PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION: A contemporary introduction

404 PREFACE

Jainism 4, 5, 24, 26, 54, 60, 241, 267,
268, 282, 335, 362; appeals to
experience 286–7, 289–90;
arguments for dualism 260–1; and
change 113; and Complexity View
257; described 30–1, 32; dualism
259–60; endurance and self–
conscious 6; and enlightenment
experience 272–6; and persons 114–
16; philosophical context 242–3;
property vs substance dualism 243–
4; and reincarnation/karma 112; and
simplicity 113–14; and ultimate
reality 101, 109–11, 112–16; view of
persons 247
Judaism 4, 25, 89, 148, 362
justice requirement 112, 247–8

karma 26–8, 45, 112, 124, 252
karma 362
kevala (enlightenment) 30–1, 44, 53,
54, 56, 268, 269, 284, 290
knowledge 343–4, 346

laws of nature 95–6
Lehrer, K. 260, 263
levels of being 28–9
levels of truth 28, 29
Libertarianism 309–10, 362
Locke, John 106–7, 295–6
logic 70–4, 78
logical contingency 195, 197–9, 202–3,
362
logical inevitability 315
logical necessity 171–4, 180–1, 200–2,
306–8, 362; objections to 174–5
logically impossible 198, 201, 362
logically possible 195–8, 200–2, 362

Madhva 29, 101, 105
Mahavira 30–1, 43, 44, 48, 111
Mahayana Buddhism 335
Mahayana (Great Vehicle) 24, 101, 115
mapping problem 262–3
materialism 242, 362
Mavrodes, George 169–70
maximal greatness/excellence 176–7
maximally indeterminate beings 75–7
memory 115–16
metaphysical necessity 362
metaphysics 17, 59–60

mind and body 242, 259–61

modal proposition 93, 363

moksha 30, 54, 56, 60, 268, 269, 284,

297

monotheism 5, 363; arguments for 6–7;

Christian 24–5; distinguishing 91–3;

explanatory power 356–8; generic

philosophical 85; Greek 86–9; Hindu

90–1, 126, 184; kinds of 93–4; and

non-ultimate reality 94–6;

reincarnation and karma 26–8;

Semitic 89–90, 126, 184; theistic

argument 356–8; transition 26

monotheism (arguments against):

Actually Pointless Evil Claim 150;

and animal suffering 138–37;

consistency issue 128–31; evidential

issue 131–8; evil and ecology 152–8;

evil/moral acceptability 150–1;

exchangeable intrinsic natural worth

158–60; failed escapes 126–7; finite

deity/evil 127–8; God/evil existence

125–6; and problem of evil 125;

reincarnation, karma, evil 123–4;

and religious maturity 147–50;

succinct Roweanism 151–2; three

questions 123; unexchangeable

natural intrinsic worth 160–1

monotheism (arguments for): by

Aquinas 184–208; empirical proofs

181; logical necessity 171–4;

ontological argument 174–7, 179–

81; proof 169–71; purely conceptual

proof 174; strategies 181–2;

Sufficient Reason 182, 183–4; types

of propositions 171; X argument

177; Y argument 178; Z argument

178

moral realism 39

moral responsibility 322–30

moral values 363; monotheistic

traditions 304–5; nonmonotheistic

traditions 303–4

morality 7, 60–1, 363

natural laws 222

natural objects 95, 205–6, 208

natural value 363

necessarily true 363

necessary ontological independence 85

necessity 347–8