Facts on File Encyclopedia of Health and Medicine

V vitamin K A vitamin that is a crucial catalyst, or coenzyme, in the COAGULATIONprocess (also called coagulation cascade). Vita ...

molecular abnormality of clotting factor VIII. Unlike HEMOPHILIAA, which also results from clot- ting factor VIII deficiency, vo ...

Structures of the Pulmonary System TRACHEA lingula (lingular segment) BRONCHUS lower lobe bronchiole right lung ALVEOLUS upper l ...

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lobes of the right lung and 8 among the two lobes of the left lung. A bronchial cluster—which includes bronchi, bronchioles, alv ...

relax, the thoracic cavity returns to its resting size and the lungs expel air. With each breath the EPIGLOTTIS, a flap of carti ...

the respiratory rate as well as pressuring the net- work of blood vessels within the lungs to cause conditions such as PULMONARY ...

tuberculosis, and over the next 20 years tubercu- losis dramatically subsided in developed countries. Tuberculosis resurfaced as ...

A acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) A complex of symptoms, formerly called adult respi- ratory distress syndrome, in wh ...

span. From moments after birth to near the end of life the lungs function continuously and consis- tently, bringing air into the ...

of lung cancer in the United States. Over time breathing exposes the respiratory tract to numer- ous insults from substances suc ...

causes (central apnea), mechanical causes (obstructive apnea), or a combination of both. Central apnea is more common in prematu ...

The diagnostic path includes comprehensive work and health histories, physical examination including AUSCULTATION, chest X-rays, ...

after ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION, or are otherwise IMMUNOCOMPROMISED. Aspergillosis may also occur as an allergic reaction (called al ...

CHEA(windpipe), injury to the brainstem affecting the NERVOUS SYSTEMsignals that regulate breathing, compression of the neck or ...

such as chest X-RAYand complete BLOODcount (CBC), to rule out other causes of symptoms. The pulmonologist will conduct pulmonary ...

Risk Factors and Preventive Measures The key risk factor for asthma attack is exposure to a substance that initiates a hypersens ...

long-term or repeated exposure to chemicals such as cleaning solutions, paints, industrial chemicals used in manufacturing, pes ...

may not be possible, being alert to the possibility of atelectasis allows medical evaluation and inter- vention before complicat ...

B berylliosis Chronic damage to the LUNGS, also called chronic beryllium disease, resulting from industrial exposure to berylliu ...