oxygenated blood 2:4–5, 7, 226
oxygenation
aging and cardiovascular
changes 2: 10
CAD 2: 44
cardiac cycle 2: 29
cardiopulmonary bypass 2: 33
cyanosis 2: 46
heart attack 2: 57
pulmonary embolism 2: 225
oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange
2:216
aging and pulmonary changes
2: 182
alveolus 2: 183
asphyxia 2: 186
berylliosis 2: 192
capillary beds 2: 27
erythrocyte 2: 137
erythrocytes 2: 119
hemoglobin 2: 142
lifestyle and cardiovascular
health 2: 72
lungs 2: 212
mechanical ventilation 2: 214
methemoglobinemia 2: 157
oxygen therapy 2: 217
pulmonary edema 2: 224
respiratory cycle 2: 227
sickle cell disease 2: 165
oxygen saturation 2:216–217
breathing exercises 2: 194
hypoxia 2: 205
mechanical ventilation 2: 215
oxygen-carbon dioxide
exchange 2: 216
oxygen therapy 2: 217
smoking and pulmonary disease
2: 230
oxygen therapy 2:217, 217 t
anaphylaxis 2: 244
heart attack 2: 57
oxygen-carbon dioxide
exchange 2: 216
positive airway pressure 2: 223
pulmonary edema 2: 224
pulmonary hypertension 2: 99
respiratory failure 2:227, 228
oxytocin 3:99, 145, 152, 250
P
pacemaker 2:93
arrhythmia 2: 18
AV node 2: 23
bundle branch block 2: 26
CRT 2: 31
heart transplantation 2: 63
sick sinus syndrome 2: 104
TENS 1: 385
Paget’s disease of the bone 1:348;
3:139, 153
Paget’s disease of the breast 3:315
pain 1:382. See also specific forms of
pain, e.g.:acute pain
pain, living with 1:378
pain and pain management
1:361–389. See also specific pain
management medications and
techniques, e.g.:analgesic
medications
acupuncture 4: 56
anesthesia 4:261, 262
breakthrough research and
treatment advances 1: 362
buprenorphine 4: 325
dependence 4: 331
fentanyl 4: 334
hallucinogens 4: 338
heroin 4: 338
ketamine 4: 342
massage therapy 4: 82
mechanisms of 1: 361
narcotics 4: 344
OTC drug 4: 167
overview 1:361–362
PCA 4: 274
placebo 4: 169
postoperative procedures 4:275,
276
substance abuse 4: 311
surgery 4: 258
traditions in medical history
1:361–362
pain management in cancer
2:386–387
pallidotomy 1:274
palpitations 2:40, 44, 51, 93–94,
94, 94t,342; 4:326, 330
pancreas 3:79–80, 80 t
cystic fibrosis 4: 120
gastrointestinal system 3: 1
hemochromatosis 3: 133
insulin 3: 148
islet cell transplantation 3: 149
islets of Langerhans 3: 149
metabolism 4: 225
pancreatic cancer 3: 80
pancreatitis 3: 80
pancreatic cancer 2:370, 374; 3:80,
81; 4: 306
pancreatic duct 3:38, 79
pancreatitis 3:80–81pandemics 4:2, 35
panic disorder 3:376, 378, 379
Papaver somniferum1:361; 4:311,
344, 347
papillae 1:4, 26
papilledema 1:107, 115
papillitis 1:107, 269
papilloma 1:180
Pap test 3:256, 258, 259, 264, 315,
316 t;4: 14
papule 1:180, 181 , 186 , 194
paracentesis 3:16, 322
paracrine activity 2:257, 290
paralysis 1:274–275; 2:312, 332;
3:182, 369
Bell’s palsy 1:228–229
disability and exercise 4: 220
Guillain-Barré syndrome 1: 255
head and spinal cord injuries
4: 378
poliomyelitis 1:277, 278
spina bifida 1: 282
spinal cord injury 1: 283
vocal cord paralysis 1:63
paraneoplastic pemphigus 1:182,
183
paranoia 3:379,383; 4:319, 348
paraphimosis 3:315–316
parasite 1:180–182, 194; 2:348,
348 t, 350 , 363
parasitic illness. See specific illnesses,
e.g.:amebiasis
parathormone. Seeparathyroid
hormone
parathyroid glands 3:100, 138, 143,
151 , 153, 153
parathyroid hormone 3:153–154;
4: 187
bone 1:307–308
calcitonin 3: 115
endocrine system 3: 100
hyperparathyroidism 3: 138
hypoparathyroidism 3: 143
osteoporosis 1: 346
parathyroid glands 3: 153
urinary system 3: 172
parenteral nutrition 3:77, 88;
4:198, 202
parenting 4: 243 , 249
paresthesia 1: 269 , 275,318; 4: 332
Parkinson’s disease 1:275–276;
3:99, 124, 376
aging and nutrition/dietary
changes 4: 176
aphasia 1: 225
benign essential tumor vs. 1: 288Index 495