Statistical Physics, Second Revised and Enlarged Edition
128 Phase transitions A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B (a) (b) B B A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B A A A A A A Fig. 11.6Lattice ...
1 2 Two new ideas Inthischapter we shallexplorebriefly two concepts whichindicate that statistical physicsis not sucha restricti ...
130 Twonewideas NNN 2 NNN 1 hv = Δ hv = Δ Energy states of an atom Absorption of a photon Emission of a photon Δ Fig. 12.1Matter ...
Statics or dynamics? 131 absorption rate andto thedensityofphoton statesinto whichtheemission occurs. Thef()term is responsible ...
132 Twonewideas NNN 2 /N 1 =exp(−/kkkBT),itfollowsfrom (12.4) that thedistributionfunctionfor the electronsmust be oftheform [ ...
Ensembles–alarger view 133 withthe partitionfunctionbeing Z= ∑ j exp(εεj/kkkBT) (2.24) the labeljgoingover allone-particle state ...
134 Twonewideas 2.Internalenergy. AlthoughTisfixedbythe ensemble, theinternalenergyofany one assembly is not. The energy of an a ...
Ensembles–alarger view 135 (ii)Wemayalso calculateZZAusing(12.5a) together with the multinomial theorem (Appendix A). Because th ...
136 Twonewideas 8 .Newhorizons. Finally, we can point out that thedegree ofabstraction neednot end here.In the canonical ensembl ...
13 Chemical thermodynamics In this chapter we will build on ideas introduced earlier in the book, notably the idea ofchemicalpot ...
138 Chemical thermodynamics as usedinChapter 2. Stirringinthedefinition oftheGibbsfree energyG=F+PV= U−TS+PVwe obtain dG=−SdT+Vd ...
Thegrand canonical ensemble 139 potential.Inequilibrium theelectrochemicalpotential(often calledthe Fermilevel in this context, ...
140 Chemical thermodynamics texp(βU)is a maximum, subject now to one restrictive condition ∑ nnj=N.Using the Lagrange method wit ...
Idealgases in thegrand ensemble 141 Method 2 (Canonicalensemble). The given variables are nowT,V andN. As discussed in section 1 ...
142 Chemical thermodynamics this treatmentitis not necessary(or even convenient) togroup the states together (the inotation of s ...
Idealgases in thegrand ensemble 143 Aparticular microstateisdefinedbythe number ofparticlesnnjina statej,for every one-particle ...
144 Chemical thermodynamics whichmakeupthegrandcanonicalensemble corresponds to a particular terminthe extended product obtained ...
Idealgases in thegrand ensemble 145 1 3.3.3 Thermodynamics of an ideal MB gas The gas laws for the dilute (MB) ideal gas can now ...
146 Chemical thermodynamics since thejobisdone already in (13.13). But what aboutN,the average number of gas molecules in our op ...
Mixed systems and chemical reactions 147 own chemicalpotentialμswhichisagaintheGibbsfree energyper particleofspecies s.Hence we ...
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