Small Animal Dermatology, 3rd edition

760 APPENDIX B DRUG FORMULARY

Drug name (trade orother names)

Pharmacology andindications

Adverse effects andprecautions

Dosing information andcomments

Formulations

Dosage (unlessotherwise indicated,dose is the same fordogs and cat)

Ciprofloxacin (Ciproand generic forms)

Fluoroquinoloneantibacterial. Acts toinhibit DNA gyrase andinhibit cell DNA and RNAsynthesis. Bactericidal.Broad antimicrobialactivity.

Avoid use in dogs 4 weeksto 7 months of age. Highconcentrations may causeCNS toxicity, especially inanimals with renal failure.Use cautiously in epilepticpatients. Causesoccasional vomiting. IVsolution should be givenslowly (over 30 min).

Doses are based onplasma concentrationsneeded to achievesufficient plasmaconcentration above MIC.Efficacy studies have notbeen performed in dogsor cats. Ciprofloxacin isnot absorbed orally aswell as enrofloxacin.

250, 500, 750 mgtablets; 2 mg/mLinjection.

10–20 mg/kg q24h po, IV.

Clarithromycin (Biaxin)

Macrolide antibiotic withbacteriostatic activity.Spectrum includesprimarily gram-positivebacteria. Resistance isexpected for mostgram-negative bacteria.Efficacy is not establishedfor animals. Mostcommon use in people isfor treatment ofHelicobacter

gastritis and

respiratory infections.

Well tolerated in animals.Most common side effectsare vomiting, nausea, anddiarrhea.

Doses are not establishedfor animals due to lack ofclinical trials. Doserecommendations areextrapolated from humanor empirical use.

250, 500 mgtablets; 25 and50 mg/mL oralsuspension.

7.5 mg/kg q12h po.

Clavamox

SeeAmoxicillin/clavulanatepotassium.

Clavulanic acid

SeeAmoxicillin/clavulanatepotassium.