Small Animal Dermatology, 3rd edition

764 APPENDIX B DRUG FORMULARY

Drug name (trade orother names)

Pharmacology andindications

Adverse effects andprecautions

Dosing information andcomments

Formulations

Dosage (unlessotherwise indicated,dose is the same fordogs and cat)

Cyclosporine (Neoral[human], Atopica

®

[veterinary],Optimmune[ophthalmic]. Alsocalled cyclosporin A)

Immunosuppressive drug.Suppresses induction of Tcell lymphocytes. Used indogs for atopic dermatitis,and treatment ofimmune-mediateddiseases.

Can cause vomiting,diarrhea, anorexia. Incomparison to otherimmunosuppressivedrugs, does not causemyelosuppression.

Drug

interactions:

erythromycin

or ketoconazole mayincrease cyclosporineconcentrations when usedconcurrently.

Suggested trough bloodconcentration range(whole blood assay) is300–400 ng/mL. Neoraloral products are the sameformulation as Atopica

®

.

Topical cyclosporine hasbeen used successfully astreatment forkeratoconjunctivitis sicca.

10, 25, 50 and100 mg capsules.

Dog: 3–7 mg/kg/day po.Dose for atopic dermatitismay be changed to5 mg/kg q48h in somepatients.Cat: 3–5 mg/kg/day po.

Cyproheptadinehydrochloride(Periactin)

Phenothiazine withantihistamine andantiserotonin properties.Used as appetite stimulant(probably by alteringserotonin activity inappetite center).

May cause increasedappetite and weight gain.

Clinical studies have notbeen performed inveterinary medicine. Use isbased primarily onempiricism andextrapolation from humanresults. Syrup contains5% alcohol.

4mgtablet;2 mg/5 mL syrup.

Antihistamine:0.5–1.1 mg/kg q8–12hpo.Appetite stimulant:2 mg/cat po. Felineasthma: 1–2 mg/cat q12hpo.

Danazol (Danocrine)

Gonadotropin inhibitor.Suppresses luteinizinghormone (LH) andfollicle-stimulatinghormone (FSH) andestrogen synthesis. Inhumans, used forendometriosis. Mayreduce destruction ofplatelets or RBC inimmune-mediateddisease.

May cause signs similar toother androgenic drugs.Adverse effects have notbeen reported in animals.Gonadotropin inhibitor.

When used to treatautoimmune disease,usually used inconjunction with otherdrugs (e.g.,corticosteroids).

50, 100, 200 mgcapsules.

5–10 mg/kg q12h po.