Small Animal Dermatology, 3rd edition

APPENDIX B DRUG FORMULARY 781

Interferon(interferon-

α,

HulFN-

α) (Roferon)

Human interferon. Usedto stimulate the immunesystem.

Adverse effects have notbeen reported in animals.

Doses and indications foranimals have primarilybeen based onextrapolation of humanrecommendations orlimited experimentalstudies. To prepare, add 3million U to 1 L sterilesaline and divide intoaliquots and freeze. Thawas needed for 30 U/mLsolution.

5 and 10 millionU/vial.

Dog: 2.5 million units/kg IVonce daily for 3 days.Cat: 1 million units/kg IVonce daily for 5 consecutivedays on days 0, 14, and 60.

Isotretinoin(Accutane)

Keratinization stabilizingdrug. Isotretinoin reducessebaceous gland size andinhibits sebaceous glandactivity, and decreasessebum secretion. Inpeople, it is primarily usedto treat acne. In animals,it has been used to treatsebaceous adenitis.

Absolutely contraindicated inpregnant animals. Adverseeffects not reported foranimals, althoughexperimental studies havedemonstrated that it cancause focal calcification (suchas in myocardium andvessels).

Use in veterinary medicineis confined to limitedclinical experience andextrapolation from humanreports.

10, 20, 40 mgcapsules.

Dog: 1–3 mg/kg/day (up toa maximum recommendeddose of 3–4 mg/kg/day po).Cat: no dose established.

Itraconazole(Sporanox)

Azole (triazole) antifungaldrug. Active againstdermatophytes andsystemic fungi, such asBlastomyces

,

Histoplasma

,

and

Coccidioides

.Also

used for

Malassezia

dermatitis.

Itraconazole is bettertolerated than ketoconazole.However, vomiting andhepatotoxicosis are possible,especially at high doses. Inone study, hepatotoxicosiswas more likely at highdoses. 10–15% of dogs willdevelop high liver enzymelevels. High doses in catscaused vomiting andanorexia.

Doses in animals arebased on studies in whichitraconazole has beenused to treatblastomycosis in dogs. Incats, lower doses havebeen effective fordermatophytes (seedosage section). Otheruses or doses are basedon empiricism orextrapolation from humanliterature.

100 mg capsulesand 10 mg/mL oralliquid.Compoundedformulations maynot be absorbed aswell as proprietaryformulations.

Dog: 2.5 mg/kg q12h, or5 mg/kg q24h po. ForMalassezia

dermatitis:

5 mg/kg q24h po for2 days, repeated each weekfor 3 weeks.Dermatophytes:3 mg/kg/day po for 15 days.Cat: 5 mg/kg q12h po. Fordermatophyte infection incat: 1.5–3.0 mg/kg (up to5 mg/kg) q24h po for15 days.

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