Biology Now, 2e

46 ■ CHAPTER 03 Chemistry of Life CELLS Water can exist in all three states of matter: liquid, solid, and gas. Hydrogen bonds ex ...

Ingredients for Life ■ 47 gas as the cause of the awful smell released by rotten eggs, but it is also released by volcanoes and ...

48 ■ CHAPTER 03 Chemistry of Life CELLS Although proteins use only 20 amino acids, scientists have identified 90 amino acids in ...

Ingredients for Life ■ 49 Getting the Right Mix Miller never stopped trying to make complex molecules from simple ones. Though h ...

50 ■ CHAPTER 03 Chemistry of Life CELLS Figure 3.10 Versatile carbon All organic compounds are built from carbon atoms interacti ...

Ingredients for Life ■ 51 the neutral value of 7. Adding a base lowers the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solu- tion ...

52 ■ CHAPTER 03 Chemistry of Life CELLS H Hydrogen P Antibodies There are four levels of protein structure. The simplest level i ...

Ingredients for Life ■ 53 O S Oxygen Sulfur Common sugar is the disaccharide sucrose. Simple sugar Carbohydrates Carbohydrates a ...

All proportions are by mass except Earth’s atmosphere, which is by volume Everything in the universe is composed of matter—from ...

Ingredients for Life ■ 55 the information stored in our genes would be stuck there, like a blueprint in a foreign language that ...

56 ■ CHAPTER 03 Chemistry of Life THE QUESTIONS The Basics (^1) The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of in t ...

Ingredients for Life ■ 57 (^10) Lipoproteins are relatively large, combined clumps of both protein and lipid molecules that circ ...

Engineering Life In 2003, scientists began trying to build an artificial cell from scratch. Today, they’re closer than you might ...

59 CELLS 04 CHAPTER LIFE IS CELLULAR ...

60 ■ CHAPTER 04 Life Is Cellular CELLS T he sky was still dark when Daniel Gibson hurried into the J. Craig Venter Insti- tute ( ...

Engineering Life ■ 61 Life, Rewritten The JCVI is just one institution among a large group of universities and companies pursuin ...

62 ■ CHAPTER 04 Life Is Cellular CELLS petri dishes. There, on a single dish, was a group of bright-blue cells—proof that the M. ...

Engineering Life ■ 63 it works, Devaraj decided to try to build a cell artificially, using materials not typically found in natu ...

64 ■ CHAPTER 04 Life Is Cellular CELLS Sugar Transport proteins Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Transport proteins Na+ Ca ...

Engineering Life ■ 65 At first, the molecules of food coloring are concentrated in one region. Net movement of the food coloring ...