Science - USA (2022-04-15)

Liet al.,Science 376 , eabi9591 (2022) 15 April 2022 5 of 13

Healthy Mild Moderate Severe

CD3

KIR

D

A

B

C

HC Mild

ModerateSevere

0

5

10

15

20

KIR

+/CD8

+ T cells (%)

***

****

****

**

without

vasculitis

with

vasculitis

0

2

4

6

8

CD25

hiCD127

lo/CD4

+^ T cells (%)

CD4+ Treg

without

vasculitis

with

vasculitis

0

20

40

60

80

100

KIR

+/NK cells (%)

KIR+ NK

HC Influenza-

infected

0

5

10

15

20

25

KI

+R

/CD

+ 8

T cells (%

)

KIR+ CD8

***

HC Influenza-

infected

0

1

2

3

4

5

CD2

hi 5

CD12

lo 7

/CD4

+ T cells (%)

CD4+ Treg

HC

ModerateSevere

0

5

10

15

KIR

+/CD8

+ T cells (%)

*

*

HC

COVID-19

0

5

10

15

KIR

+/CD

+ 8

T cells (%)

**

HC

COVID-19

0

5

10

15

20

KIR

+/CD8

+

T cells (%)

****

without

vasculitis

with

vasculitis

0

5

10

15

20

KI

+R

/CD8

+^ T

cells (%)

**

KIR+ CD8

Fig. 3. Increased KIR+CD8+T cells in infectious diseases.(A) Representa-
tive contour plots and summary scatter plots showing the percentage of
KIR+cells in CD8+T cells from the blood of 17 HCs and 53 COVID-19 patients
with varying disease severity (mild,N= 23; moderate,N= 17; severe,
N= 13). **P< 0.0001; Mann-Whitney test (left). P< 0.01; *P< 0.001;
**P< 0.0001; Kruskal-Wallis test followed by multiple comparisons test
(right). (B) Frequency of KIR+CD8+T cells, CD4+Tregs(CD25hiCD127lo), and
KIR+NK cells in the blood of COVID-19 patients with or without vasculitis.

**P< 0.01; Mann-Whitney test. (C) Frequency of CD8+T cells expressing

KIRtranscripts (KIR3DL1,KIR3DL2,KIR2DL3, orKIR2DL1) in the bronchoal-

veolar lavage fluid of HCs (N= 4) versus COVID-19 patients (N=9)(left;

**P< 0.01; Mann-Whitney test) and HCs versus COVID-19 patients with

moderate (N= 3) or severe (N= 6) disease (right; *P< 0.05; Kruskal-Wallis

test followed by multiple comparisons test). (D) Frequency of KIR+CD8+

T cells and CD4+Tregs(CD25hiCD127low) in the blood of HCs (N= 17) versus

influenza-infected patients (N= 7). ***P< 0.001; Mann-Whitney test.

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