HUMAN BIOLOGY

The skin (4.9) and white blood cells (8.1) have major roles in defense. This chapter also draws on what you have learned about p ...

156 Chapter 9 adaptive immunity Set of immune defenses that are tailored to the particular pathogens that enter the body. antige ...

ImmunIty and dIsease 157 What are the body’s three lines of defense? The three lines of defense are physical barriers, innate i ...

158 Chapter 9 the Lymphatic system n Link to blood vessel function 7.6 As you’ve just read, the lymphatic system does several ...

ImmunIty and dIsease 159 What is the lymphatic system? The lymphatic system consists of lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and other o ...

160 Chapter 9 What physical and chemical barriers help prevent an infection? Intact skin and mucous membranes are physical barr ...

ImmunIty and dIsease 161 complement system Set of inactive proteins in blood and tissue fluid; the proteins are activated as par ...

162 Chapter 9 overview of adaptive Defenses will see, however, activation requires that the B or T cell meet and recognize the o ...

ImmunIty and dIsease 163 Two types of effector T cells form. Cytotoxic T cells kill target cells. Hence the T cell response is c ...

164 Chapter 9 This antibody can bind to a type of virus This antibody can bind to a species of bacteria immunoglobulin Ig; an an ...

ImmunIty and dIsease 165 What is an antibody-mediated immune response? In an antibody-mediated response, antibodies form and bi ...

166 Chapter 9 apoptosis Programmed cell death, which is governed by genes. NK cell Natural killer cell; a lymphocyte that kills ...

ImmunIty and dIsease 167 What is a cell-mediated immune response? A cell-mediated immune response occurs when certain types of ...

168 Chapter 9 active immunity Immunity that develops after a person receives a vaccine, which stimulates the immune system to pr ...

ImmunIty and dIsease 169 What are some applications of immunology? Vaccination, antibodies, and natural antiviral chemicals hav ...

170 Chapter 9 immune system malfunctions in allergies, harmless substances provoke an immune attack In some people, normally har ...

ImmunIty and dIsease 171 allergen Substance that causes an allergic reaction. allergy Immune response caused by a normally harm- ...

172 Chapter 9 but most are the result of sexual contact with infected men. In recent years, more young adults in the united stat ...

ImmunIty and dIsease 173 endemic disease Disease that occurs more or less continously. epidemic A disease rate that exceeds what ...

sUmmary section 9.1 The body protects itself from pathogens with general and specific responses of white blood cells and chemica ...