I-14 Index
n Defibrillator, 136, 136f
n Deforestation, 9, 482–483, 483f, 486
n Dehydration, 160, 210, 299, 304
Dehydration synthesis (condensation
reaction), 27, 28, 28f, 29, 33f
n Deletions (genetic), 396–397, 396f,
407, 407f
Delta cells, 298
Delta waves (sleep stage), 256f
Deltoid, 105f
Demographics, 473, 473f
Denaturation (of protein), 35, 35f, 200
Dendrites, 73, 240, 240f, 241f, 251,
266f, 268
Dendritic cells, 157, 157f, 160, 163, 163f,
164, 164f–165f, 165t, 172
n Denitrification, 468, 468f
Dense connective tissue, 70–71,
70f–71f, 70t, 85t
Density-dependent population
controls, 474
Density-independent population
controls, 474
n Dental caries, bacteria causing,
210, 210f
n Dental surgery, and cardiovascular
disease, 136
Dentin, 198, 198f
Dentition, 451. See also Jaw; Mouth;
Teeth
Deoxyribose, 28, 36, 404, 404f, 409t. See
also DNA
Department of Agriculture (USDA),
213, 213f, 420f
n Depressants, 260
n Depression, 120, 259, 381, 429
Dermis, 78–79, 78f, 268, 269f
Descending colon, 203f, 206, 206f
n Desensitization treatments for
allergies, 170
n Desertification, 482, 482f
Desmosomes, 74
Developed nations
ecological footprint of, 475, 475f, 484
total fertility rates, 472
n Developing nations, and
pollution, 477
Development. See also Pregnancy;
Prenatal development
change as characteristic of, 329
overview of, 330–331, 330f,
330t, 331f
postnatal, 347, 347f, 347t
stages of, 347, 347t
n Developmental disorders, 344–345,
344f, 345f
Dexterity, human, 3
Dextrose, 212
n Diabetes insipidus, 304
n Diabetes mellitus, 299, 299f, 299t
n and birth defects, 344
n complications of, 299t
n diagnosis of, 10
n and eye disorders, 281
n genetic factors in, 384
n and kidney damage, 233
n risk factors for, 10, 195, 216,
218, 293
n treatment of, 299, 299f, 304
n type 1, 171, 171t, 299, 304
n type 2, 10, 216, 218, 299
n and wound healing, 47
n Dialysis, 233, 233f
n Diaphragm (birth control device),
316, 316t
Diaphragm (muscle), 126f, 178f,
179, 182, 182f, 186, 186f,
187f, 226f, 269f
n Diarrhea, 57, 86, 160, 173t, 208, 210,
210f, 232
Diastole, 124–125, 125f
Diastolic pressure, 129, 129f, 129t
n Diet. See also Food; Nutrients
analysis of, 220
n and anemias, 152
n antioxidants in, 23
n body weight and, 216–217
n and cancer risk, 209, 324, 435
n and cardiovascular disease, 129t,
134, 135t, 212
n cholesterol in, 134, 135t, 212
n and diabetes, 299
n fiber in, 29, 208, 209, 212
n and genetic diseases, 222
n iodine in, 294, 294f
n nutritional guidelines,
212–213, 213f
n nuts in, 40
phenotypes impacted by, 381
phytochemicals/phytonutrients in,
15, 23, 38, 40, 206, 215
n recommended Calorie intake, 217
n trans fat in, 30–31, 31f, 134, 135t,
212, 212t, 213
n vitamins and minerals in, 214–215,
214t, 215t
n weight-loss diets, 213
n Dietary supplements
amino acids as, 33
n antioxidants as, 214–215, 214t
n regulation of, 33
n vitamins and minerals as, 15, 23,
214–215, 344–345
Differentiation of cells, 330, 330t, 331f,
332f, 426t
Diffusion, 54, 54f
across capillary beds, 132–133, 132f,
133f, 337
across cell membranes, 54–55, 54f,
55f, 56, 56f
through cytoplasm, 54
epithelium function in, 68
facilitated, 56, 56f
in gas exchange, 180–181, 180fDigestion, 197. See also Digestive
system
of carbohydrates, 196f, 202, 204,
205f, 205t
chemical, 198
of fats/lipids, 196f, 202–203, 204,
205f, 205t, 207, 207f, 296
of nucleic acids, 202, 204, 205f, 205t
of proteins, 196f, 200, 202, 204, 205f,
205t, 225, 233
of starches, 198
Digestive system, 196–197, 196f. See
also Digestion
absorption in, 197, 201, 201f, 204, 205f
accessory organs in, 196f, 202–203,
202f, 203f
aging impact on, 349
blood circulation in, 126f, 127, 127f
cardiovascular system interaction,
123, 123f, 137, 211
chewing and swallowing in, 183,
198–199, 199f
n diabetes and, 299, 299t
n disease prevention in, 11f
n diseases and disorders of, 208–210,
208f, 209f, 210f
endocrine system interaction, 207,
207t, 211, 286, 300, 301
enzymes in, 64, 69, 201, 202, 204,
205f, 205t
friendly bacteria in, 47, 160
in homeostasis, 211
hormones and, 200, 204, 207, 207f,
207t, 286, 292t, 300
immune system interaction, 211
integumentary system interaction, 211
large intestine role in, 196f, 197,
206, 206f
length of, 196
lymphatic system interaction, 211
mucosal lining of, 160
muscular system interaction, 117, 211
nervous system interaction, 207,
207f, 211, 261
overview of, 77f
regulation of, 207, 207f
respiratory system interaction,
191, 211
sensory system interaction, 211
skeletal system interaction, 100, 211
small intestine role in, 196f, 197, 201,
201f, 202, 202f, 204, 205f, 205t,
207, 207f
stomach role in, 24, 200, 200f
structure and function of, 196–197,
196f, 197f
urinary system interaction, 211,
225f, 235
wall, layers in, 197, 197f
Dimples, as genetic trait, 377
n Dinosaurs, extinction of, 439,
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