Index I -15Dipeptide, 33
2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), 184
n Diphtheria, 173t
n Diphtheria vaccination, 168t
Diploid cells, 354–355, 355f, 356, 357,
357t, 359f, 362, 363, 363f, 364,
374, 375, 386
n Direct contact, disease spread
through, 173
Disaccharidases, 205t
Disaccharides, 28, 28f, 205t
n Disease(s). See also Bacterial
infections; Cancer;
Cardiovascular disease;
Disorders; Genetic disorders;
Infectious diseases; Virus(es);
specific diseases
n Addison’s, 304
n Alzheimer’s, 120, 258, 259, 349,
349f, 352, 416, 417f
anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, 86
n blood-related, 152, 152f (See also
Hemophilia; Leukemias; Sickle-
cell anemia)
n blood sugar, 299, 299f, 299t (See
also entries under Diabetes)
n celiac, 209
n cholera, 57, 57f, 165, 173
n Crohn’s, 171t, 208, 209f
n cystic fibrosis (CF), 67, 209, 380,
385, 386, 386f, 391, 392, 401t,
418–419, 420
n diagnosis of, 223, 234, 346, 346f,
417, 417f, 432–433, 432f, 433f
n of digestive system, 208–210, 208f,
209f, 210f
vs. disorder, 391
early theories on, 9, 9f
n Ellis–van Creveld syndrome, 401t
n emerging, 10–11
n encephalitis, 10, 258
n endemic, 173
n epidemic, 173
n of eye, 280–281, 280f, 281f,
284, 395
n gonorrhea, 165, 320, 320f, 321,
321t, 322t
n Graves, 171t, 295
n Guillain-Barre syndrome, 258
n Hashimoto’s, 157, 171t
n hepatitis, 41, 168, 168t, 169, 173t,
208, 322
n herpes, 79, 258, 280, 322, 322f, 322t
n Huntington’s, 390, 391, 391f, 393,
401t, 407
n of kidneys, 153, 219, 233–234,
233f, 234f
n of liver, 41, 168, 168t, 169, 173t,
208, 322
n Lyme, 10–11, 136, 136f
n medical imaging in diagnosis of,
347, 432, 432f, 433f
n meningitis, 258
n mitochondrial, 52, 57, 57f
n multiple sclerosis, 157, 169,
171f, 258
n of muscular system, 114–115, 114f,
115f, 395, 401t
n of nervous system, 258–259,
258f, 259f
n obesity as risk factor for, 93, 98,
129t, 131, 134, 135t, 189, 208,
218, 299, 324, 381, 435
overcrowding and, 474
n pandemics, 173
n Parkinson’s, 73, 258, 258f, 259
n patterns of, 173
n pelvic inflammatory disease,
320–321
n periodontal, 210
n porphyria, 86, 86f
n prevention, 11, 11f, 381
n rabies, 173
n radioactive tracers in diagnosis of,
17, 17f, 432, 433f
n of respiratory system, 188–190,
188f, 189f, 190f
n scurvy, 86
n sexually transmitted, 169, 172, 317,
320–323, 320f–323f, 321t, 322t
n skeletal disorders, 87, 98–99,
98f, 99f
n smallpox, 168, 168f, 176
n spina bifida, 344–345, 344f
n sporadic, 173
n stem cell treatments for, 67, 73, 86
n syphilis, 320f, 321, 321f, 321t, 322t
n systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE), 157, 171, 171t
n Tay-Sachs, 392, 392f
n tuberculosis, 159f, 172, 173t, 174,
174f, 190
n waterborne, 57
Disjunction, 367
Disks, intervertebral, 91f, 93, 93f, 96, 348
n Dislocation, of joint, 99
n Disorders. See also Disease(s); specific
disorders by name
n autism spectrum disorders, 259
n autoimmune, 136, 157, 171, 171f,
171t, 209, 258, 294, 349
n autosomal dominant, 392–393,
393f, 401t
n autosomal recessive, 392, 392f, 401t
n bipolar, 400
n blood, 152–153, 152f (See also
Anemias; Hemophilia;
Leukemias; Sickle-cell anemia)
n blood sugar, 299, 299f, 299t (See
also Diabetes)
n bone spurs, 87
n of digestive system, 208–210, 208f,
209f, 210f
vs. disease, 391n of ear, 274, 275, 275f, 284
n of early development,
344–345, 344f
n eating, 218–219, 219t
n of endocrine system, 293, 293f,
294, 294f, 295, 295f
n epilepsy, 258, 416, 417f
n of eye, 280–281, 280f, 281f, 282,
282f, 284, 361, 395
n fetal alcohol syndrome, 345, 345f
n genetic. See Genetic disorders
n growth hormone, 293, 293f
n of immune system, 136, 157,
170–172, 170f–172f, 209, 258, 349
n infant respiratory distress
syndrome, 184, 340
n of kidneys, 153, 233–234, 233f, 234f
n malabsorption, 209
n metabolic syndrome, 216–217
n mitochondrial, 52
n mood, 259
n of muscular system, 114–115, 114f,
115f, 395, 401t
n of nervous system, 258–259,
258f, 259f
n neurobiological, 400
n PDDs (persistent developmental
disorders), 259
n of reproductive system, 307 (See
also Infertility)
n of respiratory system, 188–190,
188f, 190f
n seasonal affective disorder
(SAD), 300
n seizure, 258 (See also Epilepsy)
n of skeletal system, 87, 98–99,
98f, 99f
n of skin, 79, 79f, 389, 389f
n X-linked, 284, 389, 389f, 394–395,
394f, 395f, 401t, 407, 407f
Distal tubule, 227, 227f, 228f, 230, 231,
231f, 296
Disulfide bridges, 34, 34f, 35
n Diuretics, 231
Dive reflex, 83
Divergence (genetic), 443, 443f
Diversity. See Biodiversity
Diverticula, 208, 208f
n Diverticulitis, 208
n Diverticulosis, 208, 208f
Diving, and respiration, 83, 181, 194
DMD. See Duchenne muscular
dystrophy (DMD)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), 405f
and aging, 348
autoimmunity to, 171
in cell reproduction, 354, 354f, 356,
356f, 357, 359f, 362, 364
in cell structure, 42, 42f, 42t, 44f, 48
in chromosome, 354f
n cloning of, 414–415
n damage to, 361, 406–407, 406f, 407fCopyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).