HUMAN BIOLOGY

Index  I-43

glandular, 68, 69f
in urine formation, 228f, 229,
230–231, 231f
n Sedatives, and prenatal
development, 345
Sedentary lifestyle, health effects of,
98, 116, 116f, 129t, 134, 135t,
216, 218, 435
Sediment, as water pollutant, 480
Sedimentary cycles, 465–468, 465f–468f
n Sedimentary rock, fossil record in,
443, 444–445, 444f, 452–453,
452f, 453f
Segmentation, in small intestine, 204
Segregation (of gamete pairs), 375, 375f
n Seizure disorders, 258
Selection. See Artificial selection;
Natural selection
Selective permeability
of cell membranes, 47, 47f, 54–55,
55f, 56–57, 56f, 57f
of nuclear envelope, 48, 49f
n Self-examination
n of breasts, 324, 324f, 432t
n of testicles, 325, 325f, 432t
Self-feeders (autotrophs). See
Producers
Self markers, 46, 146, 148, 162, 429
Semen, 172, 310f, 310t, 311, 314, 318, 318f
Semicircular canals, 272, 274, 274f
Semiconservative replication, 406, 406f
Semilunar valves, 124–125, 126
Seminal vesicles, 310f, 310t, 311, 312f
Seminiferous tubules, 312–313, 312f
Senescence. See Aging
Senior moments, 349
Sensation
definition of, 266
vs. perception, 266
Senses, special, 267
Sensorineural deafness, 284
Sensory adaptation, 267
Sensory areas of the brain, 254, 255
Sensory cortex, 257
Sensory information
conversion to action potentials,
266, 266f
interpretation of, 266–267
Sensory neurons, 240, 240f, 246, 247,
247f, 250, 266–267, 266f, 267f,
268, 270, 270f, 271, 272f–273f,
274, 274f, 277, 278, 279, 279f
Sensory receptors, 78f, 80–81, 80f,
81f, 207, 207f, 248f, 250,
266–267, 266f
Sensory systems
aging and, 349
balance sense, 274–275, 274f, 275f
cardiovascular system interaction
with, 137
digestive system interaction, 211

n disorders of, 274, 275, 275f,

280–281, 280f, 281f, 282, 282f,

284, 284f, 395

evolution of, 451

hearing sense, 272–273, 272f–273f,

275, 275f, 349

muscular system interaction with,

117, 267, 267f, 268, 277, 277f

nervous system interaction with,

255, 257, 257f, 261, 266–279,

267f, 279f

respiratory system interaction, 191

skeletal system interaction with, 100,

267, 267f

skin interaction with, 268, 269f

smell, 270–271, 270f, 271f

somatic sensations, 267, 268–269,

268f, 269f

structures and functions of, 266–267,

266f, 267f

taste sense, 270, 270f, 271, 349

touch, 268, 269f

vision. See Vision

Sensory tunic, 276t

September 11th terrorist attacks,

DNA fingerprinting used for

identifying bodies, 419

n Septicemia, 153, 154

Septum (heart), 124, 124f

Septum (nasal cavity), 178

n Sequencing, DNA, 416, 416f, 417

Serine, 33f

Serosa, 197, 197f, 200f

Serotonin, 150, 245, 245t, 259

Serous membranes, 75, 75f

Serratus anterior, 105f

Sertoli cells, 312–313, 312f, 313f

Set point (metabolism), 80

n Severe acute respiratory syndrome

(SARS), 10, 10f, 190, 190f

n Severe combined immune deficiency

(SCID), 171, 418, 419f

Sex chromosomes, 355, 355f

n disorders linked to, 389, 389f,

394–395, 394f, 395f, 401t

embryo development and, 339, 339f

n karyotyping of, 387, 387f

in meiosis, 366–367, 366f, 367f

number of, 398–399, 399f

structure and function of, 386,

388–389, 388f, 389f

Sex hormones, 26, 27f, 287f, 296, 300,

300f, 306–307, 313, 313f, 347, 349

deficiencies in, 98

and development, 339, 339f

Sex-influenced traits, 389

Sex-limited genes, 389

Sexual arousal, 245, 311, 314, 349

Sexual intercourse

vs. abstinence, 316, 316t

arousal, 245, 311, 314, 349

n birth control use during, 316–317,

316t, 317f

desire for (libido), 300

disease transmission through. See

Sexually transmitted diseases

hormones and, 291

reproductive role of, 314, 314f

safe, guidelines for, 323

semen release during, 314

n Sexually transmitted diseases

(STDs), 172, 317

n bacterial, 320–321, 320f, 321f

n incidence, 322t

n monitoring of, by health

agencies, 326

n parasite-caused, 323, 323f

n screening for, 169

n urinary tract infections, 234

n viral, 322, 322f

Sexual nose, 270–271. See also

Vomeronasal organ

Sexual orientation, genetics of, 382

Sexual satisfaction, hormones and, 93

Sexual traits, secondary, 306, 313,

347, 399

Sharks

n cartilage, as cancer

treatment, 438

n overharvesting of, 486, 487f

Shell model

of atoms, 18, 18f, 20, 20f, 21f

of molecule, 19t

Shinbone (tibia), 95, 95f

Shivering, 82f, 83, 83t

n Shock

n anaphylactic, 170

n circulatory, 129

n insulin, 299

Short-term memory, 257, 257f

Shoulder(s)

bones, 94, 94f

joint, 94, 96f, 97f, 98

Shoulder blades (scapula), 91f, 94, 94f

n Sickle-cell anemia, 73, 152, 378f, 379,

401t, 407, 417

n Sickle-cell trait, 379

Sight. See Vision

Sigmoid colon, 206, 206f

n Sigmoidoscopy, 432t

Simple epithelium, 68, 68f, 69t

n Simple fracture, 99, 99f

n Simple goiters, 294, 294f

Simple sugars, 212

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

(SNPs), 416, 417f

Sinoatrial (SA) node, 128, 128f, 135f

Sinuses, 92, 92f–93f, 178

Sinusitis, 92

Sister chromatids, 357, 357f, 358, 359f,

360, 362, 364, 364f–365f, 365,

366, 368f–369f

Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).