Index I-49n Tubal pregnancy, 333
n Tuberculosis, 159f, 172, 173t, 174,
174f, 190
Tubular reabsorption (in kidneys),
228–229, 228f, 229t,
230–231, 231f
Tubular secretion (in kidneys),
228f, 229
Tubules
distal, 227, 227f, 228f, 230, 231,
231f, 296
microtubules, 44f, 53, 53f, 335, 335f,
358, 359f, 364–365, 364f–365f
proximal, 227, 227f, 228f, 229, 230,
231f, 238
seminiferous, 312–313, 312f
T, 110, 110f
n Tumor(s), 432
n and amenorrhea, 328
n benign, 426, 426f, 426t
n and blood vessels growth, 154
n cancerous, 17f, 154 17, 209, 209f,
324, 324f, 325, 325f, 426–427,
426f, 426t, 428–429, 428f, 429f
n cell phones and, 258
insulin-secreting, 299
n PET scan of, 17, 17f
n pituitary, 285, 293, 328
Tumor markers, 432
Tumor suppressor genes, 428, 429f,
432, 436t
Tunic, of eye, 276, 276t
n Turner syndrome, 398–399, 399f, 401t
Turtles, 448f
T wave, 135f
Twins, 332, 332f, 333, 333f, 344, 382
Tympanic membrane, 272, 272f–273f,
275, 284
n Type 1 diabetes, 171, 171t, 299, 304
n Type 2 diabetes, 10, 218, 299
n Type O blood, and transfusions, 141
n Typhus, 487
Tyrosine, 392
U
n Ulcers
n peptic, 200, 210, 210f
n skin, 86, 86f, 321, 321f
Ulna, 91f, 94, 94f
Ulnar nerve, 249f
n Ultrasound, 324, 339, 346, 346f, 432
n Ultraviolet radiation
DNA damage from, 361, 406,
429, 430
n effect on skin, 79, 79f
n and free radicals, 23
ozone hole and, 477, 477f
Umami taste, 270, 271
Umbilical artery, 340, 341f
Umbilical cord, 336, 337f, 338,
338f–339f, 340, 341f, 342, 342f
Umbilical stem cells, 67, 73, 73f
Umbilical vein, 340, 341f
Umbilicus (navel), 341f, 342
United Network for Organ
Sharing, 236
United States
n air pollution in, 476
n deforestation in, 483
n ecological footprint of, 475
n energy, sources and uses of,
484, 484f
population, 472, 472f
population age structure, 473, 473f
population demographics, 473f
n solid waste generated by, 480
n water supply in, 480, 480f, 482
Unsaturated fat, 30, 30f
Upright posture, evolution of, 451,
451f, 452, 452f
Uracil, 408, 408f–409f, 409t, 411
Uranium, 17
Urea, 202f, 203, 225, 228, 228f, 229,
229t, 230
Ureter, 226, 226f, 234f, 269f
Urethra, 226, 226f, 229f, 234, 306, 307f,
310f, 311, 312f, 314, 323
Urethral sphincters, 229, 229f
Uric acid, 225, 229, 233
n Urinalysis, 223, 229, 234
Urinary bladder, 226, 226f, 229f, 234,
306f, 307f, 310f, 311f
n cancer of, 188f, 234, 343, 430t, 432
n referred pain from, 269f
Urinary excretion, 224–225, 224t
Urinary system. See also Kidney(s);
Urine
blood filtering by, 123f, 137, 227–229,
227f, 235
and blood pH, 232, 232f
and blood pressure, 230
n cancer in, 188f, 234, 234f, 430t, 431f
cardiovascular system interaction,
123, 123f, 137, 235
circulatory system interaction,
225, 225f
digestive system interaction, 211,
225f, 235
n disorders/diseases of, 232,
233, 234
endocrine system interaction,
230–231, 231f, 235, 301
and fluid homeostasis, 224–225, 224t,
225f, 229, 230–231, 230f, 231f, 235
immune system interaction, 235
n infections of, 233, 234
lymphatic system interaction, 235
muscular system interaction,
117, 235
nervous system interaction, 230–231,
231f, 232, 235, 261
reproductive system interaction, 235
respiratory system interaction, 191,
225f, 235skeletal system interaction, 100, 235
structure and function of, 77f,
226–227, 226f
tissue membranes in, 75
urine formation, 228–229, 228f, 229t,
230–231, 230f, 231f, 232
Urinary tract infections, 233, 234
Urination, 229, 229f
Urine
n alkaptonuria and, 406
composition of, 224–225
concentration of, 230–231, 231f
fluid loss in, 224–225, 224t
formation of, 228–229, 228f, 229t,
230–231, 230f, 231f, 232
role in body defense, 160
n testing of, 223, 229, 234
USDA (Department of Agriculture),
213, 213f
U.S. EPA. See Environmental
Protection Agency
Uterine cancer, 325, 431f, 432t
Uterus, 331, 388f
n cancers of, 325, 431f, 432t
contraction of, in birth, 342, 342f
hormones acting on, 286, 290f,
290t, 291
n hysterectomy, 320–321
implantation of embryo in, 332–333,
332f, 333f
reproductive role of, 306, 306f,
307f, 309, 309f, 315, 315f, 318,
337, 337f
Utricle, 274, 274fV
n Vaccines. See also Immunization
n discovery of, 176, 176f
n and disease prevention, 11f
n against HIV, 172
n against HPV, 322
n impact on immune system,
168–169, 168f
n recommended immunization
schedule for children, 168t
n against tetanus, 115, 115f
Vagina, 306–307, 306f, 307f, 311, 314,
315f, 388f
n infections in, 160, 172, 323
microorganisms in, 160, 323
pH of, 160, 311, 323, 328
Vaginal canal, 307, 342
Vagus nerve, 186f, 250f
Valine, 32f, 213, 213f
Valve(s)
aortic, 124, 124f, 125
atrioventricular, 124–125, 124f,
125f, 126
bicuspid, 124, 124f
heart, 124–125, 124f, 125f, 126,
136, 140
in lymph capillaries, 158f, 159, 159fCopyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).