New Horizons in Insect Science Towards Sustainable Pest Management

Molecular Characterization and Management of Shoot and Fruit Borer Conogethes ... 219

Table 3 Pheromone components of C. punctiferalis reported by workers. (Source of the chemical signal: F Female,
L Lure, M Male. Category of the chemical signal A Attractant, P Pheromone (*) indicates that compound is active.
Source: http://www.pherobase.com/database/genus/genus-Conogethes.php))
Author Year Journal Binary mixture Relative ratio of
the component

Category & Source

of Chemical

Country

Jung et al. 2000 Korean Journal of
Applied Entomology
39:105

E10–16Ald

Z10–16Ald

80

20

P L Korea

Kimura T. 1999 Applied Entomology
and Zoology 34:147

Tiglic acid P M Japan

Boo K. S. 1998 Journal of Asia
Pacific Entomology
1:17

E10–16Ald

Z10–16Ald

100

8

Japan

Boo K. S. 1998 Journal of Asia
Pacific Entomology
1 :17

E10–16Ald

Z10–16Ald

100

11

P L China

Boo K. S. 1998 Journal of Asia
Pacific Entomology
1:17

E10–16Ald

Z10–16Ald

100

43

P L Korea

Chakravarthy A.
K. & Thagaraj

1998 Pest Management

in Horticultural

Ecosystems 4:78

E10–16Ald

Z10–16Ald

9

1

P L India

Liu et al. 1994 Entomologia Sinica
1: 150

E10–16Ald

Z10–16Ald

16Ald

80.4*

6.6

13

P F China

Mori et al. 1990 Liebig’s Annalender
Chemie 12:1257

E8–14-formate

Z8–14-formate

10

1

A L Japan

Konno et al. 1982 Applied Entomol-
ogy and
Zoology 17:207

E10–16Ald

Z10–16Ald

9

1

P L Japan

represents a cryptic species complex (Konno
et al. 1980 ). The nonpolar components of female
body wax and pheromone gland extracts of yel-
low peach moth synergistically enhanced male
behavioral responses from close to pheromone
resources in wind tunnel experiments in Japan
(Xiao and Matsuyana 2011 ). For efficient man-
agement of this serious pest, studies on molecu-
lar genetic aspects are urgently required. Stud-
ies are needed on sex pheromone components,
morphology and anatomy, and host plant inter-
actions for the effective management of the pest
on a variety of crops and cultivated ecosystems.
So, collaborative and multidisciplinary research
is essential. Literature concerning the status of
shoot and fruit borer, Conogethes spp. in the Ori-
ent has recently been reviewed (Chakravarthy
et al. 2012 ).

Gas Chromatography and Gas

Chromatography Linked Electroanten-

nogram (GC-EAG)

The pheromone gland extracts were analyzed

using gas chromatography (GC) and are pre-

sented in Figs. 6 and 7. Before analyzing the

abdominal gland extracts the previously identi-

fied synthetic pheromone E10-16: Ald was ana-

lysed. Sixty female abdominal gland extracts

of Conogethes bred on castor was analyzed in

GC (Fig. 6 ) and the observations revealed that

there was a small peak at 31.79 retention time.

This peak indicates the presence of E10-16: Ald

when compared with standard peak. Fifty-one

female abdominal glands extracts of Conogethes

bred on cardamom was analyzed in GC and the

observations revealed there was a small peak at