Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 5..

I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS – 39 H. influenzae (St. Geme III, de la Morena and Falkow, 1994; St. Geme III, Cutter and B ...

40 – I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS new areas. Many pathogens have also developed resistance to common antibiotics, allowi ...

I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS – 41 bacterial ligands and cellular receptors proceeds sequentially, inducing host membrane ...

42 – I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS Phagocytes are the first line of defense encountered by bacteria following tissue inva ...

I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS – 43 Phagocytosis comprises several steps: Recognition and attachment of bacteria to profe ...

44 – I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS Escape from the phagosome Escape from the phagosome is a strategy employed by the Rick ...

I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS – 45 upon contact and thus opsonisation by antibodies to enhance phagocytosis is minimised. ...

46 – I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS Jacobs Jr., 2003) is dependent upon their ability to acquire magnesium while inhabitin ...

I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS – 47 the bacteria. Its activity also causes invasion, hence hyaluronidase is also seen as a ...

48 – I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS Toxins An overview of bacterial protein toxins may be found in Alouf (2000). Many toxi ...

I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS – 49 changing environmental conditions. The notion that bacteria can signal each other and ...

50 – I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS threshold concentration and the LuxR-autoinducer complexes activate target gene transc ...

I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS – 51 Like Koch’s postulates, the “molecular Koch’s postulates” cannot always be applied rig ...

52 – I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS Phenotypic evidence: Within the genetic methods, two approaches are used: 1) inactivat ...

I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS – 53 tag. Mutants that are lost have been mutated in genes that have a function in the path ...

54 – I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS cell actin (Strauss and Falkow, 1997). This type of functional similarity will go unno ...

I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS – 55 Examples are the release of nutrients by cell damage, or enabling contagion of the nex ...

56 – I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS Over the past few years it has become apparent that of these, the evolutionary consequ ...

I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS – 57 specific lifestyle in a specific niche that happens to be the surface or interior of t ...

58 – I.1. BACTERIA: PATHOGENICITY FACTORS potential role as virulence factors in bacteria that are or could develop into human p ...