61 4
. Fig. 4.23 a Absorption parameter f(χ) as a function
of photon energy for copper and an incident beam
energy of E 0 = 20 keV. Note the abrupt decrease just
above the ionization energies of the three L-shells near
0.930 keV and the K-shell ionization energy at 8.98 keV.
b Comparison of the generated (red) and emitted (blue)
X-ray spectra for copper with an incident beam energy
of E 0 = 20 keV. c Comparison of the generated and
emitted X-ray spectra for copper with an incident beam
energy of E 0 = 20 keV; expanded to show the region of
the Cu L-shell and Cu K-shell ionization energies
Absorption parameter f(χ) for copper, E 0 = 20 keV
Photon energy (keV)
f(χ
)
1.0
a
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0510 15 20
c 1e+7
1e+6
1e+5
Emitted
Copper, E 0 = 20 keV
Generated
1e+4
1e+3
1e+2
02
Photon energy (keV)
X-
ray intensit
y
46810
1e+8
1e+7
1e+6
1e+5
Emitted
Generated
Copper, E 0 = 20 keV
1e+4
X-1e+3
ray intensit
y
1e+2
1e+1
1e+0
0510
Photon energy (keV)
15 20
b
4.5 · X-Ray Fluorescence