Table 35.1
Main diseases affecting
Sus scrofa
worldwide: geographic distribution of pig infection, intraspecies and interspecies transmission route, and reported prevalence (for classical swine fever and African
swine fever, no prevalence is provided in case of epizootic events).
Disease
Pathogen (virus family
)
Infection in domestic pig
Transmission routes
Reporting country (region)
Reporting period
Prevalence reported in wild boar in % (number of
positive /
number tested, when available)
References
Diseases representing a threat to wild and domestic pigs
Classical swine fever
Classical swine fever virus (Flaviviridae
)
Infection present in Central and South America, eastern and central Europe, Asia, and Madagascar
Direct contact through aerosol and semen
EUBelgium
Outbreak in 2002
Paton & Greiser-Wilke 2003
Bulgaria
Outbreaks in 2004–2009
Rossi et
al. 2015
Latvia
Ongoing outbreak
OIE, 2015
France
Outbreaks in 1992–2007
Germany
Outbreaks in 1992–2009
Indirect contact through ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs (swill-feeding)
Hungary
Ongoing outbreak
Italy
Outbreaks in 1985–2002
Luxembourg
Outbreak in 2002–2003
Romania
Outbreak in 2006–2007
Slovakia
Outbreaks in 2005–2008
Switzerland
Outbreak in 1998–2000
African swine fever
African swine fever virus (Asfarviridae
)
Infection present in Africa, eastern Europe (since 2007) and Italy (Sardinia)
Direct contact through aerosol and semen
EUEastern Europe (Armenia, Belarus, Estonia, Latvia)
Ongoing outbreak
Gavier-Widen et
al.
2015
Lithuania, Poland
Sanchez-Vizcaino et
al. 2013, 2015
Russian Federation, Ukraine
OIE, 2015
Indirect contact through ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs (swill-feeding)Through soft tick bite
Italy (Sardinia)
2006–2010
a 5
Mur et
al. 2014
Spain (Andalusia)
0 (0
a/158)
Mur et
al. 2012
Aujeszky’s disease
Aujeszky’s disease virus (Herpesviridae
)
Worldwide spread
Direct contact through aerial and venereal route;
EUItaly (North)
2006–2014
5 (162
a/3260)
Chiari et
al. 2015
Germany (East)
2008
15.9 (1438
a/9033)
Pannwitz et
al. 2012
Spain
2000–2010
49.6
a (N
= 1659)
Boadella et
al.
2012a
Switzerland
2008–2013
0.6 (7
a/1228)
Meier et
al. 2015
Indirect contact through aerial route
AmericaUSA
2006–2007
35 (
N = 409)
Campbell et
al.
2008
South Central Texas
Brucellosis
Brucella suis
Worldwide spread
Direct contact via venereal route
EUFrance
2000–2004
48
a
Rossi et
al. 2008;
Switzerland
2008–2010
36
a; 29
b+
c
Wu et
al. 2011
Indirect contact via contaminated tissue
AmericaUSA
1976–2002
4–44
a
Meng et
al. 2009
AsiaJapan.
2003–2004
8 (9
a/115)
Watarai et
al. 2006
Diseases shared with livestock
Bovine tuberculosis
Mycobacterium bovis
Worldwide spread
Direct contact through aerial route
EUFrance (East)
2002–2013
4.0–7.1
c
Payne et
al. 2016
Spain (West)
2008–2012
1.5 (19
c/1275)
Muñoz-Mendoza et
al. 2013; Cowie
et
al. 2016
Spain (South Central)
1999–2004
59
d
Indirect contact via contaminated environment
AmericaHawaïi
2006
1 (5/482)
Miller & Sweeney 2013
OceaniaNew Zealand
1989–1993
31–32
Nugent et
al. 2015
2007–2012
0.2–0.4 (
N = 12,890)
Foot and mouth disease
Foot and mouth disease virus (Picornaviridae
)
Infection present in Africa, Asia, Middle East, and Russian Federation
Direct contact and indirect contact through aerosol. Also possible through fomites and water
EUBulgaria
2011–2012
6.9 (56
a/812)
Alexandrov et
al.
2013
Turkey
2011–2012
11.5 (22
a/192)
EFSA, 2015OIE, 2015; Weaver et
al. 2013
Diseases shared with humans
Trichinellosis
Trichinella
spp.
Worldwide spread
Transmission by ingestion of infected tissue
EU
c
France
2009–2010
0 (0
e/2442)
Payne et
al. 2011
Spain (Central South)
1998–2010
0.2
e (N
= 95,070)
Boadella et
al. 2012b
AmericaUSA
2012–2013
1.8 (6
e/330)
Hill et
al. 2014
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E virus (Hepeviridae
)
Worldwide spread
Transmission by orofaecal route and ingestion of contaminated tissue, foodstuffs or water
EUBelgium
2010–2011
34
a (
N = 383)
Thiry et
al. 2017
Germany
2007
30 (32
a/107); 68 (90
b/132)
Adlhoch et
al. 2009
France
2000–2004
14 (59
a/421)
Carpentier et
al.
2012; Jori et
al. 2016
Corsica
29 (101
a/346); 8
b/116
Spain
2003–2010
16 (165
a/1029); 8 (8
b/106)
Kukielka et
al. 2015a
AsiaJapan
2003–2010
8 (41
a/507); 3 (19
b/552)
Sato et
al. 2011
a Serological test;
b PCR;
c culture;
d histology;
e diagnostic method: artificial digestion of a sampled muscle.
.037
12:55:54