Reference
Study area
Land
Habitat
Origin
Climate
LOS
Biodiv
GA1
EF1
GA2
EF2
GA3
EF3
GA4
EF4
Arrington & Koebel 1999
USA
Plain
Fresh water
Introd
Subtropical
12
Pos
Plant
N
Barrios-Garcia & Simberloff 2013
Argentina
Island
Forest
Introd
Alpine
48
Neg
Plant
P
Seedlings
0
Soil
P
Barrios-Garcia et
al. 2014
Argentina
Island
Forest
Introd
Alpine
24
Forest
N
Soil
N
0
Beshkov 1984
Bulgaria
Plain
Forest
Native
Temperate
36
Vertebrates
N
Borczyński 1973
Poland
Hill
Forest
Native
Temperate
36
Seedlings
P
Boughton & Boughton 2014
USA
Island
Grassland
Introd
Subtropical
6
Neg
Plant
P
Bratton 1974
USA
Mountain
Forest
Introd
Boreal
3
Neg
Forest
N
Bratton 1975
USA
Mountain
Forest
Introd
Boreal
3
Neg
Understorey
P
Bromley 1964
Russia
Hill
Forest
Native
Temperate
5
Mammals
N
Seed
N
Bueno & Jimenez 2014
Spain
Mountain
Grassland
Native
Alpine
2
Invertebrates
0
Bueno et
al. 2011a
Spain
Mountain
Grassland
Native
Alpine
2
Plant
N
Plant
P
Bueno et
al. 2011b
Spain
Mountain
Grassland
Native
Alpine
2
Neg
Plant
N
Bueno et
al. 2013
Spain
Mountain
Grassland
Native
Alpine
24
Soil
P
Soil
N
N
Bulakhov 1975
Ukrajna
Plain
Forest
Introd
Temperate
60
Forest
N
Seedlings
P
Soil
P
Vertebrates
P
Burrascano et
al.
2014
Italy
Plain
Forest
Native
Mediterranean
3
Invertebrates
P
Soil
P
Carpio et
al. 2014a
Spain
Hill
Shrubland
Native
Mediterranean
2
Birds
N
Challies 1975
New Zealand
Island
Mixed
Introd
Temperate
1
Birds
N
Chavarria et
al.
2007
USA
Plain
Mixed
Introd
Subtropical
6
Plant
N
Cocca et
al. 2007
Italy
Mountain
Grassland
Native
Alpine
1
Plant
N
Cole et
al. 2012
USA
Island
Forest
Introd
Tropical
16
Forest
P
Forest
N
Cole & Litton 2014
USA
Mountain
Forest
Introd
Tropical
6
Neg
Plant
N
N
Cuevas et
al. 2010
Argentina
Plain
Shrubland
Introd
Tropical
36
Plant
N
Plant
P
Cuevas et
al. 2012
Argentina
Plain
Shrubland
Introd
Semidesertic
24
Plant
N
Soil
P
Soil
N
P
Cushman et
al.
2004
USA
Plain
Grassland
Introd
Mediterranean
12
Plant
N
Soil
0
Cushman et
al.
2004
USA
Plain
Grassland
Introd
Mediterranean
48
Plant
N
Soil
0
Desbiez et
al. 2009
Brazil
Plain
Fresh water
Introd
Tropical
15
Mammals
0
Donlan et
al. 2007
Galapagos
Island
Mixed
Introd
Tropical
24
Birds
N
Doupé et
al. 2009
Australia
Plain
Fresh water
Introd
Tropical
12
Doupé et
al. 2010
Australia
Plain
Fresh water
Introd
Tropical
24
Plant
N
Water
P
Dovrat et
al. 2012
Israel
Plain
Shrubland
Native
Mediterranean
12
Neg
P
Dovrat et
al. 2014
Israel
Plain
Shrubland
Native
Mediterranean
12
Null
Plant
N
Dunkell et
al. 2011
USA
Island
Forest
Introd
Tropical
3
Null
Water
0
Water
N
Dvornikov & Dvornikova 1989
Ural
Mountain
Forest
Introd
Temperate
60
Plant
P
Emiljanova 1989
Belarus
Hill
Grassland
Native
Temperate
72
Soil
N
Soil
P
N
N
Engeman et
al.
2004
USA
Plain
Fresh water
Introd
Subtropical
.
Soil
P
Estivgneev et
al.
1999
Russia
Hill
Forest
Native
Temperate
36
Soil
P
Fagiani et
al. 2014
Italy
Plain
Forest
Native
Mediterranean
2
Null
Invertebrates
P
Invertebrates
0
Mammals
P
Plant
0
Fedosenko & Zirjakovuj (1984)
Kazakhstan
Plain
Steppe
Native
Continental
36
Birds
N
Invertebrates
P
Filonov 1989
Russia
Hill
Forest
Introd
Temperate
60
Mammals
P
Focardi et
al. 2000
Italy
Plain
Forest
Native
Mediterranean
6
Mammals
N
Fordham et
al.
2006
Australia
Plain
Fresh water
Introd
Tropical
.
Vertebrates
N
Fujinuma & Harrison 2012
Malaysia
Plain
Forest
Native
Tropical
1
Neg
Génard et
al. 1988
France
Hill
Forest
Native
Mediterranean
3
Seed
P
Genard & Lescourret 1985
France
Hill
Forest
Native
Mediterranean
.
Seed
P
Genov 1981
Poland
Plain
Forest
Native
Temperate
24
Forest
P
Invertebrates
P
N
Genov & Ahmed 2014
Italy
Plain
Forest
Native
Mediterranean
120
Invertebrates
P
Gómez & Hódar 2008
Spain
Mountain
Forest
Native
Mediterranean
48
Seedlings
N
Gómez et
al. 2003
Spain
Mountain
Forest
Native
Mediterranean
36
Plant
N
Seedlings
N
Groot-Bruiderink & Hazebroek 1996
Netherlands
Plain
Forest
Native
Temperate
48
Seedlings
N
Soil
N
0
0
Haaverstad et
al.
2014
Norway
Plain
Forest
Native
Temperate
1
Null
Forest
0
Haber 1952
Poland
Plain
Forest
Native
Temperate
36
Forest
P
Hegel & Marini 2013
Brazil
Mountain
Forest
Introd
Subtropical
1
Neg
Plant
N
Heinken &
Raudnitschka 2002
Germany
Plain
Forest
Native
Continental
12
Forest
P
Hone 2002
Australia
Mountain
Grassland
Introd
Temperate
60
Neg
Plant
N
Howe et
al. 1981
USA
Mountain
Forest
Introd
Boreal
12
Invertebrates
N
Ickes et
al. 2001
Malaysia
Hill
Forest
Native
Tropical
24
Plant
N
Seedlings
N
(cont.
)
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