Telling the Evolutionary Time: Molecular Clocks and the Fossil Record

closely related, perhaps even deriving from a single species (Johnson 1985; Richardson 1988, 1992; Strother 1991; Hemsley 1994; ...

surge of interest in wall ultrastructure in early land plant spores, and it is hoped that exploitation of this potentially rich ...

knowledge will be filled following further research on in situ spores and spore wall ultrastructure, which may shed further ligh ...

the earliest land plants has recently been reviewed by Gray (1985), Gensel et al. (1991), Wellman and Gray (2000), and Edwards a ...

care, and the infamous vagaries of the fossil/stratigraphical record taken into account. Clearly, only minimum age estimates for ...

been exhaustively examined for embryophyte remains. It can be argued that the latter is also unlikely, based on the assumption t ...

marine carbonates may derive from a variety of sources of different age, either through reworking of pre-existing^87 Sr-rich dep ...

One must address the large disparity between ages derived from fossil and molecular clock evidence. Either the fossils or molecu ...

present, largely due to problems with the actual techniques and in interpreting the data. It is suggested that a widespread and ...

Utah: American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Publishers Press, pp. 391–407. —— (2000) ‘Progress in reco ...

Gray, J. (1985) ‘The microfossil record of early land plants: advances in understanding of early terrestrialization, 1970–1984’, ...

Li, W.-H. and Grauer, D. (1991) ‘Fundamentals of molecular evolution’, Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer. McClure, H.A. (1988) ...

Steemans, P. (1999) ‘Paléodiversification des spores et des cryptospores de l’Ordovicien au Dévonien inférieur’, Geobios, 32:341 ...

Wellman, C.H. and Gray, J. (2000) ‘The microfossil record of early land plants’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society ...

Chapter 8 Angiosperm divergence times: congruence and incongruence between fossils and sequence divergence estimates Niklas Wiks ...

papers appeared providing the skeleton of a more rigorous hierarchical framework in which the fossil data could be interpreted ( ...

and stochastic errors (Hillis et al. 1996; Sanderson and Doyle 2001) and others with an inability to infer rate changes correctl ...

Figure 8.1 Cladogram with branch lengths representing one of the more than 8000 most parsimonious trees from the analyses by Sol ...

NPRS analyses The non-parametric rate smoothing analyses were done using the r8s program (Sanderson 1997). To prevent the optimi ...

Table 8.1 Comparison between estimates from our analyses and fossil-based es timates extracted from Magallón et al. (1999) and M ...