Telling the Evolutionary Time: Molecular Clocks and the Fossil Record

152 ANGIOSPERM DIVERGENCE http://www.ebook3000.com ...

ANGIOSPERM DIVERGENCE 153 Th e f os sil b as ed es tim ates a re , c ont ra ry to t hei r us e, a ss um ed to p rov id e a m i ...

estimates were reported by Magallón et al. (1999) and Magallón and Sanderson (2001). In addition, Table 8.1 gives details on bot ...

Discussion Crown-groups versus stem-groups Understanding the difference between crown-groups, stem-groups, and how fossils provi ...

assume that the available fossil information only provides a poor estimate for the timing of divergence, but in others one might ...

Doyle and Endress 2000). Alternatively, if these branch lengths are correct, then the inferred rates may not be, resulting in es ...

included the comparison with our Lactoridaceae age (Table 8.1). The comparisons with the less inclusive taxa are generally the m ...

Figure 8.4 Chronogram calibrated against the geological timescale (Harland et al. 1990) focusing on eudicots. Fossil-based estim ...

‘Basal’ nodes If we treat the fossil-based estimates in a conservative way, only comparing our estimates with the more inclusive ...

and how this resolution is affected by taxon sampling (Sanderson 1990). For homoplastic characters, parsimony only provides a lo ...

inferred positions and numbers of those changes are affected by the thoroughness of the taxon sampling. Sanderson (1990), for ex ...

How the timing of a group divergence is ultimately resolved depends on correctly inferring its relationship to other groups, and ...

groups in our phylogenetic analysis. The tree used simply corresponds to one out of more than 8000 most parsimonious trees repor ...

timing for early angiosperm diversification, or that there are historical patterns to changes in the rate of molecular evolution ...

Crane, P.R. (1987) ‘Vegetational consequences of the angiosperm diversification’, in E.M.Friis, W.G.Chaloner and P.R.Crane (eds) ...

Friis, E.M. and Skarby, A. (1981) ‘Structurally preserved angiosperm flowers from the Upper Cretaceous of southern Sweden’, Natu ...

Manos, P.S. and Steele, K.P. (1997) ‘Phylogenetic analyses of “higher” Hamamelididae based on plastid sequence data’, American J ...

Smith, A.B. (1994) Systematics and the Fossil Record: Documenting Evolutionary Patterns, Oxford: Blackwell. Soltis, D.E., Soltis ...

Chapter 9 The limitations of the fossil record and the dating of the origin of the Bilateria Graham E.Budd and Sören Jensen ABST ...

The problems of the Cambrian fossil record The so-called ‘Cambrian explosion’ is, together with the extinction events at the end ...