Wrestling with Nature From Omens to Science

Natural Philosophy 199

Various Kinds of Permanently Elastic Fluids, or Gases (London: T. Cadell, 1777), appended
to Pierre Joseph Macquer, A Dictionary of Chemistry, 2nd ed. (London: T. Cadell, 1777),
1:vi–vii.

47. Heilbron, Electricity in the 17th and 18th Centuries, 405–6.


48. Danilo Barsanti and Leonardo Rombai, Leonardo Ximenes: Uno scienziato nella
    Toscana lorense del settecento (Florence: Medicea, 1987), 27–40, 107–11, 201–25.


49. C. C. Gillispie, Science and Polity in France at the End of the Old Regime (Prince-
    ton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980), 188–90.


50. Luigi Marino, I maestri della Germania (Turin: Einaudi, 1975), 346–58; Jose-
    phine Hecht, “L’idée de dénombrement jusqu’à la Révolution,” Pour une histoire de
    statistique (Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1976), 1:21–81 (on 43–44); Peter H. Reill, “Sci-
    ence and the Science of History in the Late Aufklärung,” in Aufklärung und Geschichte,
    ed. Hans Erich Bödeker et al. (Göttingen: Vandenhoek and Ruprecht, 1986), 430–51
    (quote, 443–45).


51. Reill, “Science and the Science of History,” 439–41; Marino, I maestri della
    Germania, 348, 356–57; P. F. Lazarsfeld, “Notes on the History of Quantifi cation in
    Sociology: Trends, Sources, and Problems,” Isis 52 (1961): 292–94.


52. Henry E. Lowood, “The Calculating Forester: Quantifi cation, Cameral Science,
    and the Emergence of Scientifi c Forestry Management in Germany,” in The Quantifying
    spirit in the 18th Century, 315–23.


53. Karin Johannison, “Society in Numbers: The Debate over Quantifi cation in
    18th- Century Political Economy,” in The Quantifying spirit in the 18th Century, 343–61
    (on 358); Hecht, “L’idée de dénombrement jusqu’à la Révolution,” 52, 57.


54. Deluc to Lichtenberg, November 18, 1793, in Lichtenberg, Briefwechsel,
    4:187–88.


55. Newton to J. B. Mancke, 1724, in Isaac Newton, The correspondence (Cambridge:
    Cambridge University Press, 1977), 7:254–55.


56. Salvatore Rotta, Dizionario biografi co italiano, s.v. “Bianchini.”


57. A biography of this remarkable man is underway.


58. Joseph Priestley, The history and present state of electricity, 3rd ed. (London: C.
    Bathurst et al., 1775), v1:xi.