Science and Medicine 223James M’Alister, 1847). On the Eclectic sect, see John S. Haller Jr., Medical Protestants:
The Eclectics in American Medicine, 1825–1939 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University
Press, 1994).
- Quoted in John S. Haller Jr., The People’s Doctors: Samuel Thomson and the Ameri-
can Botanical Movement, 1790–1860 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press,
2000), 245. - J. Redding, “Is Medicine a Science?” Physio- Medical Journal 8 (1882): 130, 148.
- The best account of Christian Science healing is Rennie B. Schoepfl in, Christian
Science on Trial: Religious Healing in America (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity Press, 2003). See also Rennie B. Schoepfl in, “The Christian Science Tradition,” in
Caring and Curing: Health and Medicine in the Western Religious Traditions, ed. Ronald L.
Numbers and Darrel W. Amundsen (New York: Macmillan, 1986), 421–46. - Carol Trowbridge, Andrew Taylor Still, 1828–1917 (Kirksville, MO: Thomas Jef-
ferson University Press, 1991), 139–41; see also Norman Gevitz, The D.O.’s: Osteopathic
Medicine in America (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press,1982). - Dennis Peterson and Glenda Wiese, Chiropractic: An Illustrated History (St. Louis:
Mosby, 1995), 67 (science of magnetic healing), 83 (jail); Daniel David Palmer, Text-
Book of the Science, Art, and Philosophy of Chiropractic for Students and Practitioners
(Portland, OR: Portland Printing House, 1910), quoted in J. Stuart Moore, Chiropractic
in America: The History of a Medical Alternative (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1993), 3. See also Walter I. Wardwell, Chiropractic: History and Evolution
of a New Profession (St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1992), esp. “Chiropractic Philosophy,
Science, Art,” 179–210. - Steven C. Martin, “‘The Only Truly Scientifi c Method of Healing’: Chiropractic
and American Science, 1895–1990,” Isis 85 (1994): 207–27. - Adolph Lippe, “Valedictory Address, Delivered at the Eighteenth Annual Com-
mencement of the Homeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, March 1, 1866,”
Hahnemannian Monthly 1 (1866): 308, quoted in John Harley Warner, “Orthodoxy and
Otherness; Homeopathy and Regular Medicine in Nineteenth- Century America,” in
Culture, Knowledge, and Healing: Historical Perspectives of Homeopathic Medicine in Europe
and North America, ed. Robert Jütte, Guenter B. Risse, and John Woodward (Sheffi eld:
European Association for the History of Medicine, 1998), 19. - Louis Faugères Bishop, “The Evolution of Scientifi c Medicine,” Medical Times,
November 1898, 542–43. On the struggle between homeopaths and allopaths in New
York, see Warner, “Ideals of Science,” 454–78. - Charles A. L. Reed, “The President’s Address,” Journal of the American Medical
Association 36 (1901): 1606, quoted in William G. Rothstein, American Physicians in the
Nineteenth Century: From Sects to Science (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1972), 325. For a similar observation, see William Osler, Aequanimitas (Philadel-
phia: Blakiston’s Son, 1932), 254–55 quoted in Rothstein, American Physicians in the
Nineteenth Century, 325–26. - Abraham Flexner, Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to
the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (New York: Carnegie Founda-
tion, 1910), 157–61. - Regina Markell Morantz- Sanchez, Sympathy and Science: Women Physicians in
American Medicine (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), 144.