Unit 1 Review • MHR 101(c)oxygen is present
(d)glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (PGAL) is
phosphorylated
(e)all the co-enzyme A is used up13.The synthesisreaction of photosynthesis takes
place in
(a)the thylakoid membrane
(b)the stroma
(c)the matrix
(d)the intrathylakoid space
(e)the lamellae
14.Which of the following statements best
explains why photosynthesis is consistent
with the laws of thermodynamics?
(a)Most of the Sun’s energy is reflected into
space.
(b)More energy is stored in glucose than is
captured by chlorophyll.
(c)Heat is stored from the Sun.
(d)NADPH uses energy in the Calvin cycle.
(e)Energy from the Sun is transformed into
chemical energy.
15.If oxygen levels are increased, which best
describes the resulting activity of a green plant?
(a)Photosynthesis rates increase and then
drop off.
(b)Carbon dioxide levels increase.
(c)Glucose production decreases.
(d)More ATP will be produced by the photo
reaction.
(e)Photosynthesis rates increase and level off.
16.Pyruvate can be broken down to form
(a)RuBP
(b)carbon dioxide and ethanol
(c)fructose-di-phosphate
(d)malate
(e)FADH 2
17.C 4 plants can continue photosynthesis in a
warm climate because
(a)the heat speeds up the Calvin cycle
(b)carbon dioxide is captured by carrier
molecules
(c)high oxygen concentrations in cells help
glucose production
(d)these cells make ATP directly from light
(e)oxidation-reduction reactions have fewer
steps
18.An electron transport chain is best described
as a
(a)carrier molecule that is changed by enzymes
(b)cycle of substrate level phosphorylation
reactions
(c)chemiosmotic gradient
(d)biochemical pathway
(e)sequence of oxidation-reduction reactions
Short Answers
In your notebook, write a response to answer each
of the following questions.
19.How are valence electrons important for
chemical reactions?
20.What is a hydrogen bond?
21.Use isomers of glucose to distinguish between
structural isomers and stereoisomers.
22.An acid is often called a proton donor. What
does this mean?
23.Give examples for each of these reactions:
hydrolysis, condensation (dehydration
synthesis), and neutralization.
24.Give an example of an oxidation-reduction
reaction. Identify which reactant is more
electronegative than the other.
25.How is ATP different from the nucleotides that
make up DNA?
26.Identify three polar amino acids.
27.How can an acidic environment affect polymers?
28.How is potential energy stored in a biological
system?
29.Identify two laws of thermodynamics. Give
one biological example for each.
30.How is activation energy important to
understanding how reactions work?
31.Using some part of cellular respiration, identify
one example of an endothermic reaction and
one example of an exothermic reaction.
32.Explain the difference between an oxidative
enzyme and a hydrolytic enzyme.
33.How does the active site make an enzyme
substrate specific?
34.Enzymes work best under optimal conditions.
In terms of temperature, what does this mean?
35.How can an inhibitor affect enzyme activity in
a cell?
36.Identify a coenzyme and outline how it
participates in a reaction.
37.What is a restriction enzyme and how is it
used in industry?
38.How are coupled reactions useful to biological
processes?