Biology 12

102 MHR • Unit 1 Metabolic Processes

39.How is the sodium-potassium pump important

to cells?

40.Outline glycolysis in terms of phosphorylation

and dephosphorylation.

41.List the chemical products and energy output

of glycolysis.

42.How is oxidative phosphorylation different

from substrate-level phosphorylation? Use an

example of each process in your answer.

43.What is the purpose of anaerobic fermentation?

44.How do NADH and FADH 2 carry energy within

the mitochondrion?

45.How can proteins be used for energy in a cell?

46.How does light energy break the bonds of water

molecules in photosynthesis? What is the

purpose of this process?

47.List the products of the photoreaction in

photosynthesis. Which products participate

in the synthesisreactions?

48.What is the product of the Calvin cycle?

49.How do C 4 plants improve the efficiency

of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?

INQUIRY

50.Identify the safety supplies you need as

you prepare for a laboratory activity. What

materials should be on hand in case of a spill?

51.The second law of thermodynamics states that

when energy is transformed from one form to

another, some energy is lost as waste heat. Bean

seeds are large seeds that germinate easily. The

germinating seed uses energy stored in the

seed, to grow.

(a)How do you predict this process is

consistent with the second law of

thermodynamics? Explain.

(b)Write a procedure for an investigation to

test your prediction.

(c)Make a diagram of the set-up for your

investigation.

(d)List the materials that you need and include

all safety precautions you should take.

52.Lactase breaks the milk sugar lactose into

glucose and galactose. This enzyme can be

considered a catalyst. Catalysts help chemical

reactions go forward, but catalysts are not used

up in the reaction. Design a laboratory

experiment to demonstrate the catalytic ability

of an enzyme. Include a hypothesis, basic

materials, and a simple procedure.

53.Cells can be broken and then centrifuged to

separate organelles, such as mitochondria. If

isolated mitchondria were then broken and

centrifuged, the membranes would separate

from the matrix. Knowing this, develop a

hypothesis about the properties of either the

matrix or the membranes. Clearly identify what

you intend to discover and briefly outline how

you would test your hypothesis.

54.You are planning to build a greenhouse for the

school. To ensure maximum growth of plants,

the greenhouse needs extra carbon dioxide and

heat at a reasonable cost. This graph shows the

effect of temperature and carbon dioxide on

plant growth (as measured by glucose

production.) Write a summary of these data,

indicating the best temperature and carbon

dioxide concentration for the greenhouse. Be

clear and precise.

Amount of used by plant

concentration in air

35 °C

18 °C

CO 2

CO

2