termination, 237, 238
transcription, 253
transforming, 312–317
translation, 253
DNA amplification, 294
DNA fingerprint, 296
DNA fingerprinting, 368
DNA ligase, 236
function, 239
DNA mutations, 284–317
DNA particle gun, 306
DNA polymerase, 42, 234
function, 239
Dobzhansky, Theodosius, 365
Dolly, 313
Dominant alleles, 366
Dopamine, 151
Double-helix model of DNA, 224,
225–226
Drumheller fossils, 353
Dynamic equilibrium, 108
E. coli, 125
Earth Summit, 538
Easter Island, 426, 428
Eastern massassauga rattlesnake,
250
Ecological niche, 436
Ecological species concept, 402
Ecological succession, 432
Ecology, 430
organisms, 431
population, 464
Ecosystems, 433
alien invaders, 494–495
aquatic, 440
biomes, 434
biosphere, 434
carrying capacity, 523
changing, 441TL
community, 433
decomposers, 441
energy flow in, 444
global, 440
nutrient cycling, 451
primary consumers, 441
primary producers, 440, 444
productivity, 458–459inv
secondary consumers, 441
solar energy, 444, 445
structure of, 440
terrestrial, 440
tertiary consumers, 441
Edema, 178
Edleston, R.S., 334
Effectors, 110
Ejaculation, 193
Eldredge, Niles, 414
Electroencephalograph (EEG), 141
Electron acceptor, 86
Electron energy, 7
Electron transport chain, 65
aerobic cellular respiration,
74–76
Electron transport system, 86
Electronegativity, 10 , 563
Electrons, 6
Electrophoresis, 368
Element, 6
Elongation, 257
translation, 265
Embryology, 355
Emigration, 473
Endangered species, 533
Endemic, 353
Endocrine glands, 169
Endocrine hormone system, 144
Endocrine system, 166, 168
blood pressure, 168
components of, 168
emotional state, 168
growth, 168
heart rate, 168
homeostasis, 168
immune system, 168
reproduction, 168
Endocrinology, 168
Endometrium, 196
Endosymbiosis, 70
Endothermic reactions, 38–39inv,
40
Energy, 36
Entropy, 37
Environment
mutation, 378
organisms, 430, 431
Environmental resistance, 490
Environmental stability, 496
Enzyme-substrate complex, 43
Enzymes, 41
activators, 48
active sites, 42
activity, 46–47inv
allosteric regulation, 47, 48
allosteric site, 48
catalysts, 98
catalytic cycle, 43
competitive inhibition, 48
diet, 45TL
engineered, 53
glycolosis, 98
hydrophobic, 44
induced fit, 42
inhibitor, 47, 48
peroxidase, 98
reaction rates, 98
restriction, 50
substrate, 42
substrate complex, 43
thermostable, 45
Epididymis, 193
Epinephrine, 129
EpiPen, 129, 188
Equilibrial life history, 498Erikson, Peter, 150
Escherichia coli, 125
Estrogens, 187
Ethical consideration, 19
kidney transplants, 118
Eukaryotes
DNA, 229–230
gene expression, 276–280
Evolution, 330–333, 334 , 335–358
anatomy, 354–355
artificial selection, 337–338
biotechnology, 372
convergent, 411
definition revisited, 336–337
developing the theory of, 340
directed, 373
divergent, 411
elephants, 415TL
embryology, 355
fitness, 338
fossils, 350
fusion, by, 420
gene recombination, 373
genetic engineering, 373
gradualism, 413
heredity, 356, 364
mass extinction, 411
mechanisms of, 364–386
molecular biology, 356
natural selection, 337, 346
pace of, 413–415
partners in, 414TL
patterns of, 404
perfection, 397
punctuated equilibrium, 414
random mutagenesis, 373
rate of, 414
selective pressure, 337
sexual selection, 385
species, 364
symbiotic, 420
transgenic, 373
Evolution by fusion, 420
Evolutionary species concept, 402
ex vivotherapy, 316
Exaptation, 395 , 396
Excess greenhouse gases, 525
Excision repair, 291
Excitatory response, 150
Exocrine glands, 169
Exons, 243 , 245
Exothermic reactions, 38–39inv, 39
Exponential growth, 474
Expression vector, 305
Extinction, 532
Extirpation, 532Factors of inheritance, 218, 365
Fahrig, Dr. Lenore, 521
Fallopian tubes, 197
Far-sightedness, 156
Fats, 122Index • MHR 593