Chapter 3 Cellular Energy • MHR 97COMMUNICATING35.Glycolysis is a series of reactions. Some of
these reactions are endothermic and some of
these reactions are exothermic. Endothermic
reactions form products have more energy
than the reactants. Exothermic reactions
form products that have less energy than the
reactants. Show the relative energy of each of
the following molecules on the energy graph
provided: glucose, fructose-diphosphate,
PGAL, PGA, pyruvate.
36.Make a diagram of the cell showing the cell
membrane, nucleus, cytosol and at least one
mitochondrion. Use one colour to show the
path of one molecule of glucose into the cell,
through glycolysis and into the mitochondrion
for respiration. Use a second colour to show
where energy is used to drive cellular
respiration. Use a third colour to show where
energy is released by cellular respiration.
37.Glycolysis describes the process of breaking
glucose into two pyruvate molecules. Use
words and diagrams to describe this process
in terms of stored energy, free energy and
thermal energy.
38.Acetyl Co-A is a crucial component of cellular
respiration. Use diagrams and captions to
explain how the cell uses acetyl Co-A
efficiently.
39.Make a diagram to show the movement of
hydrogen ions (H+) into the intermembrane
space of a mitochondrion. Also show how the
energy from the hydrogen ions is used to make
ATP. Indicate the movement of electrons along
the electron transport chain of a crista. Show
how water is made as a final product of aerobic
cellular respiration.
40.Make a diagram of a mitochondrion and a
chloroplast. Indicate which reactions take
place on membranes and which reactions take
place dissolved in solution. Indicate how the
following molecules move between the two
organelles: glucose, CO 2 , O 2 , H 2 O.
41.Make a rough diagram of a cell. Label locations
of cell processes that use ATP. Label locations
where glycolysis produces ATP. Label locations
where aerobic cellular respiration produces
ATP. Explain how a cell can increase the
efficient transfer of ATP within the cell.
42.Use diagrams to show how non-cyclic
photophosphorylation is different from cyclic
photophosphorylation. Explain how one
system uses matter and energy more efficiently.energyreaction progressMAKING CONNECTIONS43.Cells require energy in the form of ATP
molecules. As you have learned, cellular
respiration describes a metabolic pathway
for the carbohydrate glucose. How does
decreasing carbohydrate (glucose) intake
affect cellular energy?
44.In a multicellular organism, different organ
systems, tissues, and specialized cells contribute
to maintaining the health of the body.
(a)List three molecules that must enter cells to
support cellular metabolism.
(b)List three molecules that must be produced
inside cells to support cellular metabolism.
(c)Add the following to the list you made for
part (b), and give reasons for their
inclusion: PGAL, fructose-phosphate,
oxaloacetate, and coenzyme A.
(d)Which substance given in (c) would you
consider adding to your breakfast? Explain.
45.Pyruvate is available as a dietary supplement.
Explain the possible results of adding pyruvate
to your diet.