Notes to Pages 102–116 / 141- A review of the vast literature on animal welfare and animal rights is
beyond the scope of this chapter. I refer readers to Singer, Animal Liberation;
Regan, Case for Animal Rights; Francione, Introduction to Animal Rights; and
Wise, Rattling the Cage. - The term speciesism originated in Ryder, Victims of Science.
- Gluck and Kubacki, “Animals in Biomedical Research,” 158.
- Groves, Hearts and Minds, chaps. 4–6.
- This agreement is illustrated by acceptance of the Three R’s. See
Rudacille, Scalpel and the Butterfl y, 268–269; DeGrazia, “Ethics of Animal
Research.” - Carbone, What Animals Want, 239.
- Ibrahim, Reduce, Refi ne, Replace.
- Carbone, What Animals Want, 3.
- Plous and Herzog, “Poll Shows Researchers Favor Lab Animal Protec-
tion”; idem, “Should the Animal Welfare Act Cover Rats, Mice, and Birds?” See
also Rudacille, Scalpel and the Butterfl y, 301–313. - For a discussion of the loopholes researchers can employ to avoid com-
pliance with the Three R’s, see Ibrahim, Reduce, Refi ne, Replace. - For full discussions of regulating lab work, see Birke, Arluke, and
Michael, Sacrifi ce, chap. 6; Greek and Greek, Sacred Cows and Golden Geese,
chap. 5. - Pound et al., “Where Is the Evidence?” 516. See also Smith, “Comroe
and Dripps Revisited.”
Conclusion
- See Irvine, “Animals in Disasters.”
- Perrow, Next Catastrophe, 66.
- Starmer and Wise, Feeding at the Trough estimates that subsidized
feed saved agribusiness $3.9 billion a year for the eight-year-period analyzed,
or $35 billion overall. - Wise, “Identifying the Real Winners.”
- Michael Pollan, “The Farm Bill: What Went Wrong,” posted June 4,
2008, at Grist: Environmental News and Commentary, http://gristmill.grist.org/
stor y/20 08/6/4/43736/55179. - Pew Commission, Putting Meat on the Table, 75.
- See, e.g., Ramseur, Oil Spills in U.S. Coastal Waters.
- At the same time, the Sierra Club gives ConocoPhillips “at the bottom
of the barrel” environmental rankings. For the rankings of major oil compa-
nies, see Sarah Ives and Robynne Boyd, “Pick Your Poison,” Sierra, January/
February 2007, http://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/pickyourpoison/#conoco.