240 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matterb2861 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter “6x9”provides the mathematical evidence for what may be called the “second
genetic code”, i.e., the mathematical regularity underlying Process (5.2)
(see below for more details). But until now there was no such mathemati-
cal connection, to the best of my knowledge, between four nucleotides
and 64 codons.
Process (5.2) leads to Process (5.3), which is here called the “third
genetic code” known as translation catalyzed by the ribosome.4 nucleotides→“second genetic code” 64 triplets (also called codons) (5.2)64 codons→“third genetic code” 20 amino acids in1D proteins (5.3)Based on the above considerations, it may be concluded that the
traditional genetic code, here called the first genetic code may be viewed
as the sum of two subgenetic codes, i.e., the second and third genetic
codes:First genetic code = Second genetic code + Third genetic code (5.4)I now postulate that there are at least two more genetic codes as
defined in (5.5) and (5.6):1D proteins→“fourth genetic code” 3D proteins (5.5)3D proteins→“fifth genetic code” cell functions (5.6)If we apply the concept of “systome” discussed in Section 2.5 to genetic
codes, it can be inferred that a genetic code is not the sole property of “a
protein” (viewed as a system) but that of a “systome” to which the system
under consideration belongs along with its environment. For example, the
fourth genetic code involved in protein folding, (5.4) (see Section 2.5), may
not be localized to the 1D amino acid sequence of a protein as assumed in
the so-called Anfinsen dogma [54] but distributed over both the 1D amino
acid sequence of the protein (viewed as a system) and its environment
(e.g., the structures of the primary and secondary hydration shells surrounding
the protein), since by changing the protein environment without changingb2861_Ch-05.indd 240 17-10-2017 12:01:13 PM