Sociology Now, Census Update
contact with each other. (After all, virtually every culture that had no contact with other people did not have an understanding ...
276 CHAPTER 8RACE AND ETHNICITY KeyTerms Affirmative action (p. 256) Apartheid (p. 255) Ascribed status (p. 258) Assimilation (p ...
WHAT DOES AMERICA THINK? 277 slightly or strongly. Almost 80 percent of Black respondents disagreed strongly, as opposed to 45 p ...
9 ■Sex and Gender: Nature andNurture ■The Biology of Sex and Gender Evolutionary Imperatives Brain and Hormone Research ■Explori ...
“MEN ARE FROM MARS, WOMEN ARE FROM VENUS.”This phrase, now part of our everyday language, is the title of John Gray’s book, perh ...
Sex and Gender: Nature andNurture Sociologists begin by distinguishing sex and gender. When we refer to sexwe refer to the biolo ...
This distinction is now even noted in our law. In a 1994 case, Justice Antonin Scalia of the U.S. Supreme Court wrote: The word ...
Making the terms plural indicates how different groups of men or women might have different identities. Recognition of the gende ...
Evolutionary Imperatives All creatures evolve and adapt to changing environments. The differences we observe between women and m ...
The right hemisphere is associated with visual and spatial ability; the left hemi- sphere controls language and reading. Males a ...
The hormones responsible for these dramatic changes—testosterone and estro- gen—have been held responsible as well for differenc ...
men among different cultures. Cultural definitions of masculinity and femininity vary significantly; thus, sex differences are “ ...
the hearths, prepare meals, and raise children. And even if it could be shown that such a division of labor was once an efficien ...
Blurring the Boundaries of Gender Another major contribution of cross-cultural research has been to challenge the simple dichoto ...
Why would cultures develop such elaborate—and, in some cases, cruel and painful—rituals? Anthropologists point to one commonalit ...
Gender Socialization Gender socializationis the process by which males and females are taught the appropriate behaviors, attitud ...
This often means that boys play on one side of the playground and girls play on the other. In a study of children’s play, sociol ...
studies, they found “a surprising degree of similarity” between the sexes and in how they are raised, especially in the first fe ...
BECOMING GENDERED: LEARNING GENDER IDENTITY 293 Socialization is pervasive and consistent. Sociologists believe that its very th ...
have to devote 12 to 16 hours a day to work. By the time they “arrive,” they are often in their mid-30s, and only then do they f ...
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