Sociology Now, Census Update

SUBJECT INDEX 713

Polyandry, 384
Polygamy, 383
Polygyny, 383–384
Popular culture, 56–61
forms of, 59–60
globalization of, 61
high culture versus, 57–59
politics of, 60–61
The Population Bomb(Ehrlich), 628
Population composition, 624–625
Population density, 631–632
Population growth, 625–629
decreasing rate of flow and, 628–629
demographic transition theory and, 628
Malthusian theory of, 627–628
Population pyramids, 624–625, 626
Pornography, 340–341, 594
Postconventional reasoning, 147
Postindustrial economy, 421–425, 431
Postmodernism, 33–34
Poverty, 219–226
age and, 364–365
culture of, 223
feminization of, 222, 297
global, 224–225
personal initiative and, 223
race and, 219, 221
reducing, 225–226
structures of inequality and, 223–224
in United States, 221–222
youth and, 372–373
Poverty line, 220
Power
authority, 459
class and status and, 457
definition of, 211
differential, of minority groups, 248
in industrial economies, 419
political office and, 465–467
politics and, 456–459
in Weber’s theory, 211
Prayer Book Rebellion of 1549, 61
Prayer in schools, 509, 510, 519
Preconventional reasoning, 146
Prejudice, 43, 251–252
categories of, 253
combating, 260–261
conflict theory of, 259
feminist theory of, 259–260
frustration-aggression theory of, 259
overcoming, 262
primordial theory of, 259
racism and, 252
stereotypes and, 88, 251–252
Preoperational stage of cognitive develop-
ment, 145, 146
Pressure groups, 471–474
Prevalence, 533
Pride in being American, 57, 66–67
Primary deviance, 177
Primary groups, 82–83
Primary sex characteristics, 284
Primary socialization, 150

Primates, socialization in, 144

Primordial theory of prejudice and discrimi-

nation, 259

Principles of Scientific Management(Taylor),

420

Print media, 589–591

Prisons, 194, 195–196

felon disenfranchisement and, 198

parole from, 198

Private adoption, 404

Privatization of schools, 573–574

Problem definition, 109

Production

globalization of, 423–425

shift to consumption from, 420

Productivity in bureaucracies, 96

Profane, 489

Professional ethics, 132–133

Progressive party, 470

Proletariat, 210, 427

Promise Keepers, 307

Promotional groups, 472

Property crime, 183

Proportional representation, 467

Proprietary universities, 580–581

Prostitution

children employed in, 376

global, 339–340

world system and, 237

Protection as goal of incarceration, 196

Protective groups, 472

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of

Capitalism(Weber), 18

Pull factors, migrations and, 621

Purposive samples, 117–118

Push factors, migrations and, 621

Pyschopathis Sexualis(Krafft-Ebing), 327

Qualitative research methods, quantitative

methods versus, 107–109

Quantitative research methods, 118–124

qualitative methods versus, 107–109

secondary analysis of existing data,

122–124, 126

surveys, 112, 116, 118–122, 123, 126,

135

Race.See alsoEthnicity; Minority groups;

Race and ethnicity; specific groups

biraciality and multiraciality and,

246–247

biracial marriage and, 398–399

as culture, 245

definition of, 245–246

ethnicity versus, 244–245

Race and ethnicity, 242–276. See also

Ethnicity; Minority groups; Race; spe-

cific groups

academic achievement and, 570

age and poverty and, 364

age at first birth and, 353

class and, 218–219

crime and, 190–191

disabilities and, 532

discrimination and. SeeDiscrimination

health and, 534–535

intelligence and, 261

intimate partner violence and, 410

majority groups and, 248–251

minority groups and, 248

obesity and, 525

organizations and, 93–94

peer approval and, 155

political office and, 465–467

political party affiliation and, 470

poverty and, 219, 221

prejudice and. SeePrejudice

rates and causes of death and, 360–361

religion and, 503–505, 507

self-employment and, 443

social mobility and, 228

in 21st century, 273–275

in United States, 262–275

Race to the bottom, 433

Racial attitudes, changing, 255

Racial diversity in workplace, 446–447

Racial profiling, 191

Racial segregation

of neighborhoods, 256, 276–277

of schools, 567–568

Racial terminology, 274

Racism, 252

Radical feminism, 309

Radio, 592

Rape, 334

Reasoning

deductive, 106–107

inductive, 107

Red Cross, 91

Reference groups, 84–85

Refugees, 621

Regulations

in bureaucracies, 95

media and, 607–609

suppression of, 96–97

Regulatory agencies, 430

Rehabilitation as goal of incarceration, 196

Relative deprivation, 476

Reliability, 110

Religion(s), 487–510

as agent of socialization, 152–153

on campus, 505–507

civil, 490

definition of, 488

Durkheim and social cohesion and,

489–490

gay liberation movement and, 336

Marx and social control and, 490

New Age, 507–508

as politics, 508–510

religious experience and religious identity

and, 503–505

religious groups and, 491–494

science compared with, 488–489

syncretic, 497

in United States, 500–510