Biological Oceanography

(^) Small pelagic fish, especially anchovy and sardines, are abundant in EBCS. Sardines tend t ...

shelves, is surrounded by arid lands to the west and north: Somalia, the southeast face of the Arabian Pen ...

(^) This Arabian Sea anoxic layer does, however, serve as daytime habitat for an abundant ...

primary production. PrasannaKumar et al. attribute that to high bacterial abundance and associated high levels ...

(^) (After Nagura & McPhaden 2010.) An Invitation (^) All of this will receive recurring attention ...

Chapter 12 Adaptive complexes of meso- and bathypelagic organisms Mid-water habitat, or the mesopelagic zone, rang ...

respiratory pigments with high oxygen affinity, minimal respiration, dependence on glycolysis, intermittent ...

found in The Deep Sea by Robison and Connor (1999). However, a larger part of deep-sea biomass is made ...

Hiding Out (^) Many features of mid-water organisms imply that being very close to invisible is imp ...

Mirrors – Silvered Sides (^) Silvered sides occur in many fish of near-surface waters: oarfish, sardin ...

Countershading (^) Being dark dorsally and light ventrally is important at all lighted levels of oceans and l ...

Warner et al. used more sophisticated equipment for a study of the half-red shrimp Sergestes similis. A ...

To achieve a countershading match to the downwelling intensity, the animal must (i) measure the downwelling light ...

For requirement (iii), most mesopelagic squid, many fish, and most euphausiids have a photophore ...

examination of the spectral quality of downwelling light, as might be expected, it depends only on ...

(^) The evolutionary back and forth between prey defensive strategies and predator counter-strategies ...

Transparency (^) As in surface layers, some mid-water organisms are transparent, for example th ...

Vision in Near Darkness (^) We emphasize vision because that must be uniquely adapted to mesopelag ...

spherical aberration to provide sharp images at the retina. Sensitivity increases with pupil size (more area, ...

Partridge et al. (1992) determined absorption spectra in retinal cells of S. analis. They found two pigments, ...