Front Matter

174 Autism and Exposure to Environmental Chemicals

Pesticide

Fenbuconazole Thyroid Enhances secretion of thyroid

hormone

Fenitrothion Antiandrogen Competitive androgen

receptor antagonist

Fenvalerate Estrogen Unknown

Fipronil Thyroid Enhances secretion of thyroid

hormone

Heptachlor Thyroid unknown

Heptachlor‐epoxide Thyroid/Reproductive Metabolite of heptachlor

Iprodione Inhibition of

testosterone synthesis

Unknown

Karate Thyroid A decrease of thyroid

hormone in serum; direct

effect on the thyroid gland?

Kepone (Chlordecone) Estrogen Displays androgen and

estrogen receptor‐binding

affinities

Ketoconazole Effects on reproductive

systems

Unknown

Lindane

(Hexachlorocyclohexane)

Estrogen/Androgen Inhibits ligand binding to

androgen and estrogen

receptors

Linuron Androgen Androgen receptor

antagonist

Malathion Thyroid Significant decrease of

thyroid hormone in serum,

with perhaps a direct effect

on the thyroid gland

Mancozeb Thyroid Thyroid peroxidase inhibitors

Maneb Thyroid The metabolite

ethylenthiourea inhibits

thyroid hormone synthesis

Methomyl Thyroid Unknown

Methoxychlor Estrogen Through mechanisms other

than receptor antagonism.

Precise mechanism still

unclear

Metribuzin Thyroid Unknown

Compound(s) Hormone Mechanism

Table 7.1 (Continued)