national wetlands conservation and management’, Newsletter for Wetlands, 5, 2–3 (in
Chinese and English).- See Chen Zhiyong (2005), China Daily, 15 March, p. 13.
- Lu Zhou-li (2004), ‘Discussion of the protection of the mangrove by local legislation’,
Journal of Guangxi Administrative Cadre Institute of Politics and Law, 19 (6) (November),
43–45 (in Chinese with English abstract). - Personal interview with a member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing,
17 May, 2004. - Ma, Xiaoying and Leonard Ortolano (2000), Environmental Regulation in China:
Institutions, Enforcement, and Compliance, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, p. 15. - For example, nature reserves in Tibet comprise 26 percent of the land. See Wu Ning, Daniel
Miller, Lu Zhi and Jimmy Springer (eds) (2000), Tibet’s Biodiversity: Conservation and
Management, Lhasa, Tibet: China Forestry Publishing House, p. 9. - Xie Yan, Wang Sung, and Peter Schei (eds) (2004), Beijing: Tsinghua University Press. Also
see ‘Protected Area Task Force (PATF) report to CCICED 2004: evaluation on and policy
recommendations to the protected area system of China’, draft, April. - Xie, Wang, and Schei, 2004, ibid, p. 283.
- Jahiel, Abigail R. (1998), ‘The organization of environmental protection in China’, China
Quarterly, (156) (December), 767. - Ross, Lester (1998), ‘China: environmental protection, domestic policy trends, patterns of
participation in regimes and compliance with international norms’, China Quarterly, (156)
(December), 811. - Palmer, 1998, op cit, n. 3, p. 789.
- Zhang, Weijong, Han Vertinsky, Terry Ursacki and Peter Nemetz (1999), ‘Can China be
a clean tiger? Growth strategies and environmental realities’, Pacific Affairs, 72 (1)
(Spring), 28; also see Mao Yu-shi (1997), ‘China’, in Janicke, Martin and Helmut Weidner
(eds), National Environmental Policies: A Comparative Study of Capacity-Building, Berlin:
Springer, p. 244. - CITES operates by requiring signatory parties to regulate international trade in species listed
in its appendices. Appendix I includes species threatened with extinction by international
trade. These species are strictly regulated and are not allowed to be commercially traded
internationally. Appendix II includes all species which may become extinct if their trade is
not regulated. To engage in trade for an Appendix II species, a CITES permit is required.
Species may be added or deleted from these two restrictive appendices only by a two-thirds
majority vote at a Conference of Parties (COP) of CITES. See Wan Ziming (2001), Practical
Manual on Wildlife Import and Export Management in China(in Chinese), Beijing: China
Forestry Publishing House. - In addition to comments in Chapter 3 above, see reports from TRAFFIC International on
illegal trade: J.A. Mills, Simba Chan and Akiko Ishinara (1995), ‘The bear facts: the East
Asian market for bear gall bladder’, Hong Kong: TRAFFIC; J.A. Mills (1997), ‘Rhinoceros
horn and tiger bone in China: an investigation of trade since the 1993 ban’, Hong Kong:
TRAFFIC; and Kristin Nowell (2000), ‘Far from a cure: the tiger trade revisited’,
Cambridge: TRAFFIC Network. Also see Rosalind Reeve (2002), Policing International
Trade in Endangered Species: The CITES Treaty and Compliance, London: The Royal
Institute of International Affairs, p. 191ff, and academic accounts such as Yang Qing, Jin
Chen, Zhi-lin Bai, Xiao-bao Deng and Zhi-qiu Liu (2000), ‘Trade of wild animals and plants
in China-Laos border areas: status and suggestions for effective management’, Chinese
Biodiversity, 8 (3) (August), 284–96. For analyses of difficulties in the implementation of
CITES and unintended adverse consequences, see: Yu Baoching (2003), ‘Study on some
problems in the import and export of wild fauna and flora of China’ (in Chinese), Northeast
Forestry University, MS thesis; Zou Limei (2003), ‘The legal research on wildlife
management and utilization system’ (in Chinese), Northeast Forestry University, MS
engineering thesis; Yuan Jiming (2003), ‘Management of international trade in wildlife
and implementation of CITES in China’ (in Chinese), Beijing Forestry University, MS
thesis; and Jiang Zhigang (2001), ‘Economic extinction and trade control of wild
fauna and flora – traditional biology research and the Natural Conservation Law and
96 Governance of biodiversity conservation in China and Taiwan