- Ibid. See also Saich, Tony (2000), ‘Negotiating the state: the development of social
organizations in China’, China Quarterly, (161) (March), 129; and Howell, Jude (2004),
‘New directions in civil society: organizing around marginalized interests’, in Jude Howell
(ed.), Governance in China, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. - In late 2005, the regime announced that foreign ENGOs would need to follow the same
registration requirements mandated for domestic groups, including affiliation with a
government office. - See Young, Nick (2005), ‘NGOs will have to “negotiate the state” for some time yet’, China
Development Brief, IX(5) (June), 3, and ‘Under scrutiny’, China Development Brief, IX(7)
(September), 1. - Saich (2000), op cit, n. 29, p. 137.
- Personal interview with NGO representative, Beijing, 17 March, 2004.
- Quoted in Saich (2000), op cit, n. 29, p. 128.
- See New Century Youth Series (2000), Research on Beijing’s Non-governmental Organiza-
tions(in Chinese), Beijing: Beijing Publishing Co. - Schwartz (2004), op cit, no. 28, p. 36.
- Yang Guobin (2005), ‘Environmental NGOs and institutional dynamics in China’, China
Quarterly, (181) (March), 50. - See Li Fei (2005), ‘NGOs getting more prominence’, China Daily, 22 April, p. 6.
- See Qin Chuan (2005), ‘Fledgling NGOs told to raise the bar’, China Daily, 30 March,
p. 2. - Ho, Peter (2001), ‘Greening without conflict? Environmentalism, NGOs and civil society in
China’, Development and Change, 32 , p. 907. - For an analysis of these service centers, which include research institutes, environmental
education, environmental monitoring, and pollutant discharge supervision and management
institutions, see Lo, Carlos Wing-Hung, Jack Man-Keung Lo, and Kai-Chee Cheung,
‘Service organizations in the environmental governance system of the People’s Republic of
China’, in Lo, Lo and Cheung (2001), Remaking China’s Public Management, Westport, CT:
Quorum Books, p. 41–66. - Personal interview with CWCA Director, Beijing, 5 January, 2005.
- See, for example, Han Nianyong, Jiang Gaoming and Li Wenjun (2002), Management of the
Degraded Ecosystems in Xilingol Biosphere Reserve(in Chinese and English), Beijing:
Tsinghua University Press. - Personal interview with Secretary General of the Association, Beijing, 4 January, 2005.
- Personal interview with Program Director, CEPF, Beijing, 3 January, 2005.
- Chinese yew is an endangered and protected plant growing in northwest Yunnan. The natural
substance paclitaxel, proven effective in treatment of some cancers, is concentrated in yew
bark. When paclitaxel was commercialized in the mid-1990s, thousands of villagers around
Lijiang stripped bark and destroyed trees, selling bark to Sino-American Yunnan Hande
Biotechnology Co., the largest manufacturer of paclitaxel. Following Zhang’s investigation
and reporting, the provincial government fined the company RMB$10 million and sentenced
about 100 bark smugglers. See CEPF (2005), ‘The China Wildlife Conservation Award’,
March, p. 8. - Wu Fengshi (2002), ‘New partners or old brothers? GONGOs in transitional environmental
advocacy in China’, China Environment Series, issue 5, p. 45. - ALXA SEE Ecological Association, ‘Duty and Dream’, June 2004. Also, personal interview
with an Executive Director, Beijing, 8 January, 2005. - Personal interview with President, Friends of Nature, Beijing, 23 June, 2004.
- Personal interviews with GVB representatives, Beijing, 18 May, 2005.
- Personal interview with coordinators, Desert Control Volunteers Network, Beijing, 4 July,
2004. - See: http://www.geichina,org/en/about/briefintro.htm, accessed 28 May, 2006.
- See http://www.zhb.gov.cn (last accessed 18 August, 2005)
- A survey of Beijing-area university students in 1998–99 indicated that less than 6 per cent
had joined environmental protection associations in colleges; more than 80 per cent claimed
an interest in activities of these groups. See Wong Koon-Kwai (2003), ‘The environmental
ENGOs, civil society and biodiversity conservation 189