Cannabinoids

Retrograde Signalling by Endocannabinoids 381 Glaser ST, Abumrad NA, Fatade F, Kaczocha M, Studholme KM, Deutsch DG (2003) Evide ...

382 C.W. Vaughan and M.J. Christie Morisset V, Ahluwalia J, Nagy I, Urban L (2001) Possible mechanisms of cannabinoid- induced a ...

Retrograde Signalling by Endocannabinoids 383 Wilson RI, Nicoll RA (2001) Endogenous cannabinoids mediate retrograde signalling ...

HEP (2005) 168:385–423 ©cSpringer-Verlag 2005 Effects on the Immune System G.A. Cabral (
)·A.Staab Department of Microbiology an ...

386 G.A. Cabral and A. Staab of direct exposure to high concentrations of cannabinoids, such as the lung, mem- brane perturbatio ...

Effects on the Immune System 387 cannabinoid receptor—and which impacted studies on effects of cannabinoids on immunity—was cond ...

388 G.A. Cabral and A. Staab a cannabinoid receptor identical to, or that shared homology with that in brain, was present in cel ...

Effects on the Immune System 389 phenotypic and functional attributes that mimicked those of native immune cells, including thos ...

390 G.A. Cabral and A. Staab effects of drugs on infection and immunity due to their well-defined immune sys- tems.Furthermore,u ...

Effects on the Immune System 391 tant to THC-mediated proliferation when stimulated by their CD3 receptor. The THC-induced enhan ...

392 G.A. Cabral and A. Staab al. (1992) indicated that THC suppressed IL-2 and IL-2 receptor expression. The Tcellmitogen,anti-C ...

Effects on the Immune System 393 tion, such as NO synthase (NOS) gene transcription or NOS synthesis, rather than NOS activity w ...

394 G.A. Cabral and A. Staab 2.3.3 Effects on B Lymphocytes B lymphocytes have been reported to express relatively high levels o ...

Effects on the Immune System 395 2.3.4 Effects on T Lymphocytes Studies as early as 1977 indicated that THC alters human T lymph ...

396 G.A. Cabral and A. Staab of PMA/ionomycin-induced IL-2 protein secretion, which correlated to decreased IL-2 gene transcript ...

Effects on the Immune System 397 2.4 Effects on Cytokines A mode by which cannabinoids may exert their multiplicity of effects m ...

398 G.A. Cabral and A. Staab ciency (SCID) mice. Levels of the immune inhibitory T helper (Th) 2 cytokines IL-10 and transformin ...

Effects on the Immune System 399 3 Cannabinoids and Infections 3.1 In Vitro Infections A variety of mammalian cellular systems h ...

400 G.A. Cabral and A. Staab 3.2 In Vivo Infections Guinea pigs and mice have been used extensively as experimental in vivo mode ...

Effects on the Immune System 401 nity as demonstrated by reduced production of IFN-γand antibodies to IgG2a. BALB/c mice, infect ...