Evolution, 4th Edition

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Nearly 20 years before he published On the Origin of Species, Charles Darwin started to study orchids, intrigued by the extraord ...

322 CHAPTER 13 Coevolution and Interactions among Species Every species is subjected to natural selection from its biotic enviro ...

show that this association dates from the origin of the aphids, and that the bac- teria have diverged in concert with speciation ...

324 CHAPTER 13 of free-living parasites and mutualists seldom matches the host phylogeny very closely [29, 57, 82]. The Evolutio ...

InTERACTIonS Among SPECIES 325 Predators and parasites have evolved some extraordinary adaptations for captur- ing, subduing, or ...

326 CHAPTER 13 seeds are enclosed by a woody fruit wall (pericarp) that is much thicker in southern than in northern populations ...

InTERACTIonS Among SPECIES 327 one direction, the predator’s trait will evolve to track it. Eventually, the prey’s trait may evo ...

328 CHAPTER 13 nestlings like their own young, but some host species do recognize parasite eggs and either eject them or desert ...

InTERACTIonS Among SPECIES 329 frequency-dependent selection, since common phenotypes will be better recog- nized and avoided, a ...

330 CHAPTER 13 For example, seed production in wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) is correlated with genetically variable resistanc ...

InTERACTIonS Among SPECIES 331 Parasite-host interactions and infectious disease Evolutionary biologists include most pathogenic ...

332 CHAPTER 13 Ellen Decaestecker and colleagues described an ingenious “resurrection study” that revealed cycles of genetic cha ...

InTERACTIonS Among SPECIES 333 a lower level of virulence. This happened by group selection: rabbits harboring a group of highly ...

334 CHAPTER 13 routinely used to trace the origins of new pathogens, such as Ebola virus and the human immunodeficiency viruses ...

InTERACTIonS Among SPECIES 335 of rhizobia, illustrating adaptive “partner choice” [32]. Thus, legume-rhizobia mutualisms may be ...

336 CHAPTER 13 evolve a proboscis long enough to reach the nectar. But why would a very long nectar tube be advantageous to the ...

InTERACTIonS Among SPECIES 337 organism is formed from an intimate symbiosis, the subsequent evolution of both genomes is affect ...

338 CHAPTER 13 A famous example of this pattern is the Galápagos finches Geospiza fortis and G. fuliginosa, which differ more in ...