Evolution, 4th Edition

PHylogENy: THE UNITy ANd dIvERSITy of lIfE 419 freshwater populations [6]. Eda is a classic example of adaptation based on stand ...

420 CHAPTER 16 Futuyma Kirkpatrick Evolution, 4e Sinauer Associates Troutt Visual Services Evolution4e_16.19.ai Date 02-02-2017 ...

PHylogENy: THE UNITy ANd dIvERSITy of lIfE 421 that the ancestors of insects had appendages not only on the thorax but also on t ...

422 CHAPTER 16 in warmer places (see Figure 8.2). This is considered an adaptation for conserving heat, because larger indi- vid ...

PHylogENy: THE UNITy ANd dIvERSITy of lIfE 423 between polygamous and monogamous mating systems, and that testes size usually al ...

424 CHAPTER 16 Classification It is helpful, and often necessary, to name and classify any great variety of objects—be they vehi ...

PHylogENy: THE UNITy ANd dIvERSITy of lIfE 425 monophyletic taxa, which include an ancestor and all of its descendants (FIGURE 1 ...

426 CHAPTER 16 birds. Lizards, formerly classified as order Lacertilia, are not a monophyletic group because “Lacertilia” exclud ...

■■Phylogenetic relationships can be difficult to determine, and for this reason often require data on many characteristics, such ...

The following are among many review articles on certain aspects of phylogenetic methods and uses in biology: Model selection in ...

do the quandaries described in the previous question ever occur? Choose a group of organ- isms that interests you, find recent ...

17_EVOL4E_CH17.indd 430 3/22/17 1:36 PM ...

If we could look at Earth 3,500,000,000 years ago, soon after life’s beginning, we would find only bacterial cells. Among these ...

432 CHAPTER 17 As you read this chapter, you will see examples of some important patterns. Living things have profoundly affecte ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 433 move over the denser, more plastic asthenosphere below. Because the heat of Earth’s core sets up convect ...

434 CHAPTER 17 TABLE 17.1 The geological time scale The Cenozoic era embraces seven epochs, Paleocene through Holocene. The olde ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 435 The fossil record Some short parts of the fossil record in certain localities provide detailed evo- luti ...

436 CHAPTER 17 The Emergence of Life The simplest things that might be described as “living” must have developed as complex aggr ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 437 Recent experiments have shown that clay particles with RNA adsorbed onto their surfaces can catalyze the ...

438 CHAPTER 17 Precambrian Life Our knowledge of the grand history of life, especially the origin, diversification, and extincti ...