Evolution, 4th Edition

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 439 chromosomes and a mitotic spindle. Most eukaryotes undergo meiosis, the highly organized segregation and ...

440 CHAPTER 17 organisms, with only one cell type, may have evolved because large size protected them from being swallowed by un ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 441 share many genes that underlie cell and developmental processes [76], suggesting that the genetic toolki ...

442 CHAPTER 17 more than 700 Mya, when sponges and cnidarians formed distinct lineages (FIG- U R E 17.8). Sequence data also sho ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 443 other classes of arthropods, molluscs, and echinoderms, as well as animals that are hard to classify int ...

444 CHAPTER 17 appearing in the late Cambrian, are the earliest fossils with cellular bone, a distinc- tive feature of vertebrat ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 445 Futuyma Kirkpatrick Evolution, 4e Sinauer Associates Troutt Visual Services Evolution4e_1712.ai Date 11- ...

446 CHAPTER 17 FIGURE 17.14 Phylogeny and Pa- leozoic fossil record of major groups of terrestrial plants and their closest rela ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 447 The colonization of land Terrestrial plants, including mosses, liverworts, and vascular plants, are a mo ...

448 CHAPTER 17 fin to limb. Hoping to fill in more of this evolutionary sequence, Neil Shubin and colleagues explored promising ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 449 tetrapods and reveal a critical feature: the limb could be flexed at the elbow and wrist (FIGURE 17.16C) ...

450 CHAPTER 17 Tetrapod lineages (“amphibians”) diversified in the Carboniferous. Some of them (anthracosaurs) are intermediate ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 451 end-Permian mass extinction, one of the most significant events in the history of life. It is estimated ...

452 CHAPTER 17 Mesozoic Life Now we come to history’s most romantic era, the one that most grips our imagi- nation. Divided into ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 453 TERRESTRiAL PLANTS AND ARTHRoPoDS For most of the Mesozoic, the flora was dominated by gymnosperms (seed ...

454 CHAPTER 17 dominated by angiosperms, which formed the environment in which diverse groups of plants (e.g., ferns) and animal ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 455 flourished from the late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous, among them the dolphin-like ichthyosaurs ...

456 CHAPTER 17 The other major diapsid group, the archosaurs, includes the most spectacular and diverse of the Mesozoic amniotes ...

THE HiSToRy oF LiFE 457 lineages have living representatives: the monotremes (the egg-laying platypus and echidnas), the marsupi ...

458 CHAPTER 17 Futuyma Kirkpatrick Evolution, 4e Sinauer Associates Troutt Visual Services Evolution4e_17.27.ai Date 02-16-2017 ...