Evolution, 4th Edition

GLOSSARY G–3 cDNA (complementary DNA) A DNA copy of an mRNA made using reverse transcriptase isolated from a retrovirus. cDNA li ...

G–4 GLOSSARY conservative characters Features that evolve slowly and are retained with little or no change for long periods of e ...

GLOSSARY G–5 directional selection Selection for a value of a character that is higher or lower than its current mean value. dis ...

G–6 GLOSSARY equilibrium need not be stable. See stability, unstable equilibrium. ESS See evolutionarily stable strategy. essent ...

GLOSSARY G–7 frequency In this book, usually used to mean proportion (e.g., the frequency of an allele is the proportion of gene ...

G–8 GLOSSARY genotype × environment interaction Phenotypic variation arising from the difference in the effect of the environmen ...

GLOSSARY G–9 homeotic selector genes Genes whose expression is required for the development of an entire organ, segment, or comp ...

G–10 GLOSSARY predictable from the average effects of the factors taken separately. More loosely, an interplay between entities ...

GLOSSARY G–11 mass extinction A highly elevated rate of extinction of species, extending over an interval that is relatively sho ...

G–12 GLOSSARY naturalistic fallacy A frequently used name for the belief that what is “natural” is morally right or good. Ne (th ...

GLOSSARY G–13 peak shift Change in allele frequencies within a population from one to another local maximum of mean fitness by p ...

G–14 GLOSSARY primordium A group of embryonic or larval cells destined to give rise to a particular adult structure. processed p ...

GLOSSARY G–15 relict A species that has been “left behind”; for example, the last survivor of an otherwise extinct group. Someti ...

G–16 GLOSSARY self-incompatibility A condition in which gametes produced by a hermaphroditic individual are unable to unite, due ...

GLOSSARY G–17 superspecies A group of semispecies. symbiosis An intimate, usually physical, association between two or more spec ...

G–18 GLOSSARY vicariance Separation of a continuously distributed ancestral population or species into separate populations beca ...

Literature Cited CHAPTER 1 Bowler, P. J. 1989. Evolution: The History of an Idea. University of California Press, Berkeley. Bow ...

LC–2 LITERATURE CITED Fournier, G. P., C. P. Andam, and J. P. Gogarten. 2015. Ancient horizontal gene transfer and the last com ...

LITERATURE CITED LC–3 Grant, P. R., and B. R. Grant. 2006. Evolution of character displacement in Darwin’s finches. Science 313 ...

LC–4 LITERATURE CITED 25a. The International HapMap Consortium. 2005. A haplotype map of the human genome. Nature 437: 1299–1320 ...