feminism and 105
Gramsci’s Italian 125
historical materialism
8, 40, 139, 147
historicism and 140
humanism and 149
human nature, view of
148
imperialism, indictment
of 155–156
Kautsky’s moderate
170
leftist ideology and
180
legitimate government,
definition of 181
liberation theology and
129–130, 186–187
Mao Tse-tung and 199
power and 239
property ownership
244
reification 256
revolution and 259
Sartre 270
slavery and 276
structural 8
Trotskyism 296–298
violence, justification of
301–302
Marxism-Leninism 182,
203–204, 224
Chinese 199
Soviet Union 282
violence, justification of
301–302
Marx, Karl 201–203
and Bakunin 28
on capitalism 50
dictatorship of the pro-
letariat 85
economic theory of
value 177–178
and Engels 93–94
exploitation 100
ideology 154
industrialism and
157–158
and Lassalle 178–179
property ownership
244
Schumpeter’s critique of
272
scientific method and
14
mass culture, Horkheimer
147
Mass Society 204, 242
materialism
French encyclopedists
and 135
historical 8, 40, 139,
147, 201–202
Hobbes and 141, 142
Holbach’s atheistic 143
Mayflower Compact 8–9,
74, 204–205,231, 248
McCarthyism 205
McNamara, Robert S. 171
McWilliams, Wilson Carey
113, 205
Medieval political theory
SeeMiddle Ages/Medieval
political theory
Meditations(Marcus Aure-
lius) 199
Mein Kampf(Hitler) 215
Menshevik Party 206
Mensius 55
Mercantilism 206
Merriam, Charles 235
The Metaphysics of Morals
(Kant) 170
Michels, Robert 206–207
Middle Ages/Medieval polit-
ical theory205–206, 207
See alsoAquinas, St.
Thomas; Holy Roman
Empire
Albertus 6
Bracton’s codification of
English common law
37–38
canon law 48
Charlemagne 53,57,
106
concept of justice 166
conciliarism movement
201
Dante 79
feudalism 106
guilds 128–129
John of Paris 164
John of Salisbury
164–165
just-war doctrine 165
More 213
natural-law philosophy
217
paternalism 228patriarchalism 228
power 239
Richelieu 260
sovereignty 281
William of Ockham
307
Wycliffe 309
middle class 133, 204
Mill, James 207–208, 299
Mill, John Stuart 208–209,
277 See alsoliberalism,
philosophical (British)
freedom of the mind
114–115
freedom of the press
241
liberty 188
suffrage 105
toleration 295
utilitarianism 299
Milton, John 209, 240
Mind in Evolution(Hob-
house) 142
Mirabeau, Marquis de 231
mixed constitution
209–210,236, 274–275
moderate political thought
210, 302
moderation
Aristotle’s ethic of 20
Macaulay and 193
Modern political
thought/modernity 210
natural law theory and
217
Nietzsche and
220–221
slavery and 276
Strauss’s comparison
with classical 286
A Modest Pr oposal(Swift)
289
Mohammed (Mahomet)
159, 174–175, 210
monarchy 210–211
absolutism and 3
Bodin and 35
Catholic political
thought and 53,
239
Dante’s universal 79
divine right of kings
87–88,107–108
Hindu political thought
and 139Hooker and 146
Magna Carta and 196
Montaigne, Michel de 211
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis
de Secondat, baron de
81, 211–212
Moral Majority 56, 212
Moral Man and Immoral
Society(Niebuhr) 220
moral-sense philosophy
212–213, 277
More, Thomas 66, 213,
300
Mosca, Gaetano 207
Muir, John 95
multiculturalism 155,
213–214
Muslims SeeIslamic politi-
cal thought
Mussolini, Benito 73, 140
Mutual Aid(Kropotkin)
176
mutualism 246
The Myth of Sisyphus
(Camus) 47
The Myth of the Twentieth
Century(Rosenberg) 215n
nationalism 215, 229
National Review 39
National Socialism
(Nazism) 140–141,
144–145, 215 See also
fascism; Hitler, Adolf
absolutism 2, 3
Arendt’s writings on
17–18
Bonhoeffer’s opposition
to 37
Heidegger and 134–135
natural law 216–217
Aquinas and 16–17
autonomy and 25
in Greek political the-
ory 126–127
obligation and
223–224
Pufendorf and
246–247
Suárez and 286
natural rights 128, 149,
217–218
Blackstone and 34
Kant and 170Index 337