3.1.1.2 Sample of HSS Disciplines
In our HSS sample in this chapter, there are only 105 universities. The excluded
cases are:
- Universities which partly contains missing values in “China Statistical
Yearbook on University Social Sciences”(2006–2010): Beijing University of
Chinese Medicines, Tibet University. - Universities which are not documented in “China Statistical Yearbook on
University Science and Technology”(2006–2010): North China Electric Power
University at Baoding City, National University of Defense Technology,
Second Military Medical University, Forth Military Medical University. - Some specialized universities which characterized by relatively small scale of
input and output: Tianjin Medical University, China Pharmaceutical University,
Central Conservatory of Music, Beijing Sport University. - Some university has abnormal fluctuation in R&D researchers: Ocean
University of China.
3.1.2 Indicator System and Data Sources
In this chapter, the input indicator system of university research mainly contains
three dimensions: human inputs,financial inputs and physical inputs. And the
output indicator system mainly contains three dimensions: monographs, journal
articles and patents. In order to preliminarily uncover the input-output efficiency of
university research, we calculate some per unit output indicators, such as per capita
research output, and research output by per unit funding. Taking the differences
between NEAM and HSS disciplines into consideration, we construct two separate
input-output indicator systems.^2 See Tables3.1and3.2in detail.
Several notes should be added here. First, all thefinancial data (e.g. Financial
inputs in Table3.1) used in this book are in nominal value. This is because 211Us
are scattered in many provinces across China, a general adjustment for real value by
national-level CPI or GDP inflator is not appropriate, and the provincial-level CPI
or other indicator is hard to collect.
Second, academic articles by count rather than citation are used as research output.
Compared with count data, citation data are preferred by many researchers for the
consideration of research quality. In our opinion, citation data are hard to collect,
(^2) In this chapter, we mainly do some descriptive statistics on research input and output indicators
which will be used as variables in Chaps. 4 , 5 and 6. In order to make it easier to be understood by
readers, we give a brief introduction here to the sample and indicator system. Please refer to Sect. 1
in Chap. 4 for the detailed description on the sample and indicator system.
3.1 Brief Introduction 35