Low Carbon Urban Infrastructure Investment in Asian Cities

LOW-CARBON CITY SCENARIOS FOR DKI JAKARTA TOWARDS 2030 73

(a) Inside DKI Jakarta (b) Cross-border

21%

28%

8%

16%

16%

18%

10%

10%

26%

0.3%

0.3%

20%

33%

40%

22%

9%

4%

4%

11%

2%

2%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

2005

(^2030) BaU
(^2030) CM
carminibusbustrainmotorcycleship walkbike
25%
25%
22%
18%
18%
18%
10%
10%
15%
8%
8%
8%
39%
39%
36%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
2005
(^2030) BaU
2030 CM
airplane carship minibusairplane buswalk trainbike motorcycle
Fig. 4.10 Share of passenger transportation mode distribution (a) Inside DKI
Jakarta, (b) Cross-border
(a) Passenger (b) Freight
12 9 48 33
(^33 34)
5
(^18 34)
5
19 30
18
72 59
49
192 192

• 
  

50

100

150

200

250

2005 2030 BaU 2030 CM

billion passanger.km

bike

walk

airplane

ship

motorcycle

train

bus

minibus

car^9

15.8 34 34

61 61

• 
  

25

50

75

2005 2030 BaU 2030 CM

billion ton.km

airplane

ship

train

truck

Fig. 4.11 Transportation mode distributions of passenger and freight transport
( a ) Passenger, ( b ) Freight

Table 4.3 End-user energy effi ciency measures for DKI Jakarta

Sector Penetration
share of BAT

Effi ciency

improvements in

BAT compared to

the current device

Remarks

Industry 30 % 10–20 %^ In the model, this effi ciency
improvement varies, depending
on the type of device (not
sectoral aggregate)

Commercial 30 % 15–20 %
Residential 40 % 10–15 %
Transport 10 % 10–15 %

Note: An industry sector penetration share of 30 % denotes that in 2030 technology (devices) used in the
industry will account for 30 % of BAT and 70 % of current technologies (less effi cient)

Mitigation in the industry sector mainly involves the deployment of
energy-effi cient devices (BAT), and of electric motors and direct heat
devices in particular. Mitigation in the residential sector mainly involves
the deployment of energy-effi cient devices (BAT), and air conditioners,
electric motors (water pumps), and lighting (LED). Mitigation in the