Vatican II Behind the Iron Curtain

150 PIOTR H. KOSICKI were more or less divided into two camps: a minority and a ma- jor ity.” 75 Grootaers’s point applies not j ...

VATICAN II AND POLAND 151 mate’s position was far more complex. As his biographer Ewa Czaczkowska has put it, “the views present ...

152 PIOTR H. KOSICKI freedom of conscience: “One can speak of the existence of reli- gious freedom only if all people as individ ...

VATICAN II AND POLAND 153 While the Polish Council fathers believed that the Council needed to speak out on communism, there was ...

154 PIOTR H. KOSICKI reason that he had sought accommodation with the Polish Com- munist apparatus fifteen years earlier: a sens ...

VATICAN II AND POLAND 155 land since at least the early-modern period. Mary was symboli- cally crowned “Queen of Poland” in 1656 ...

156 PIOTR H. KOSICKI and Protestant Christians in which Vatican II had been called. As Polish Catholic journalist Janusz Zabłock ...

VATICAN II AND POLAND 157 sioned personally by Poland’s internal affairs minister on October 23, 1963, the document was prepared ...

158 PIOTR H. KOSICKI tus of “Mother of the Church.” The Polish primate clearly imag- ined this as a natural consequence of the 1 ...

VATICAN II AND POLAND 159 into a transnational tug of war; Polish prelates and Communists alike drew in third parties from aroun ...

160 PIOTR H. KOSICKI less felt it his duty to enter public life following Gomułka’s return to power, with a mission of reconcili ...

VATICAN II AND POLAND 161 the opening session of Vatican II, he went to see Władysław Gomułka, who told him: I personally have n ...

162 PIOTR H. KOSICKI the “Church of Silence,” with Communists instead trying to le- verage the pope against the primate.104 Even ...

VATICAN II AND POLAND 163 Two years later almost to the day, Zawieyski had another pri- vate papal audience—this time, with Paul ...

164 PIOTR H. KOSICKI their primate’s permission before taking these meetings, yet the meetings were set up not through Wyszyński ...

VATICAN II AND POLAND 165 alistic, given the facts. Respecting some agreements is in the inter- est even of the Communist regime ...

166 PIOTR H. KOSICKI bor Party (Stronnictwo Pracy) saw in the younger generations of ZNAK activists the future cadres of Polish ...

VATICAN II AND POLAND 167 Powszechny, around the Znak and Więź monthlies, and in the ZNAK Parliamentary Circle in the Sejm of th ...

168 PIOTR H. KOSICKI Polish Workers’ Agency—was making the rounds of various Ital- ian journals, spreading disinformation about ...

VATICAN II AND POLAND 169 ture of the first category,” restitutio ad integrum.129 The disagree- ment, rather, lay in the matter ...