Times Educational Supplement - April 06, 2018

(Nancy Kaufman) #1




úúú÷èöæòð


(7903Ýèö


ÕÐËÝ ÷èû÷ö éòõ ö÷øçèñ÷ö


ZLSLJ[PVU VM 3.); [L_[Z VY UVUL H[ HSS


(Z H YLZ\S[ L]LU YLTHYRHISL H[OVYZ SPRL


9HPUIV^ 9V^LSS HUK +H]PK 3L]P[OHU


SLHKPUN ^YP[LYZ PU 3.); MPJ[PVU HYL ZHKS`


Z[PSS \URUV^U [V V\Y Z[\KLU[Z


7LYOHWZ 3.); MPJ[PVU PZ HIZLU[ PU ZJOVVS


SPIYHYPLZ ILJH\ZL P[ PZ Z[PSS SHYNLS` Ô HUK


\UMVY[\UH[LSÔ HIZLU[ PU THU VM V\Y


Z[VJRPZ[Z HUK IVVRZOVWZ :JOVVS SPIYHYPLZ


VI[HPU H ]HZ[ HTV\U[ VM [OLPY [L_[Z MYVT


ZJOVVS SPIYHY` ZLY]PJLZ" [OLZL ZLY]PJLZ WYV]PKL


H MPS[LYLK HZZVY[TLU[ VM IVVRZ [OH[ HYL


JVUZPKLYLK [V IL HWWYVWYPH[L MVY ZJOVVSHNL


JOPSKYLU ;OPZ HZZVY[TLU[ I` HUK SHYNL KVLZ


UV[ JVUZPZ[ VM [L_[Z MYVT ZTHSSLY W\ISPZOLYZ


HUK [OPZ PZ \S[PTH[LS` ^OLYL [OL I\SR VM


3.); MPJ[PVU MVY JOPSKYLU HUK [LLUHNLYZ


PZ TVZ[ SPRLS` [V Z[LT MYVT


6Y PM 0 THWSH KL]PS×Z HK]VJH[L OLYL


WLYOHWZ 3.); MPJ[PVU PZ HIZLU[ MYVT V\Y


ZOLS]LZ ILJH\ZL [OLYL PZ H Z[PSS H [HIVV


HYV\UK [OL Z\IQLJ[ ^P[O ZVTL HK\S[Z Z[PSS


YLS\J[HU[ [V KPZJ\ZZ [OL PZZ\L Ô [OLYL HYL


L]LU Z[PSS WLVWSL ^OV ILSPL]L [OH[ JOPSKYLU


ZOV\SK UV[ IL L_WVZLK [V P[


7LYZVUHSS` ILPUN H NSHZZOHSMM\SS [`WL VM
NHS 0 Z\ZWLJ[ [OH[ 3.); SP[LYH[\YL OHZ UV[
PU[LU[PVUHSS` ILLU SLM[ VMM [OL SPIYHY` ZOLS]LZ
0UZ[LHK 0 ILSPL]L [OH[ P[ TH` OH]L ZPTWS`
ILLU V]LYZOHKV^LK I` [OL JVWPV\Z HTV\U[Z
VM PUJYLKPISL JOPSKYLU×Z HUK [LLU MPJ[PVU [OH[
ZJOVVS SPIYHYPLZ HYL ISLZZLK LUV\NO [V IL HISL
[V JOVVZL MYVT >P[O ZJOVVS I\KNL[Z HSYLHK`
V]LYZ[YL[JOLK ^OV JHU ISHTL [OL SPIYHYPHU
VY [OL ,UNSPZO KLWHY[TLU[ VY ^OVL]LY PZ PU
JOHYNL VM VYKLYPUN IVVRZ MVY JOLYY`WPJRPUN
[OL ILZ[ZLSSLYZ HUK JLSLIYH[LK MH]V\YP[LZ&
0[ PZU×[ ULJLZZHYPS` H IHK [OPUN [V WYV]PKL
JOPSKYLU ^P[O [OL TH[LYPHSZ [OH[ [OL` HYL
WHZZPVUH[LS` RLLU [V YLHK
)\[ ^OH[L]LY [OL YLHZVU MVY [OL HIZLUJL
VM 3.); MPJ[PVU P[ PZ JY\JPHS [OH[ ^L HYL
H^HYL VM [OL ZP[\H[PVU HUK X\PJRS` YLTLK`
P[ 0×T UV[ HK]VJH[PUN HSSV[[PUN P[ P[Z V^U
ZOLSM HUK JV]LYPUN P[ PU YHPUIV^ MSHNZ VY WPUR
MS\MM` WVTWVTZ 0[ KVLZU×[ ULLK [V IL
JVU[YV]LYZPHS" P[ Q\Z[ ULLKZ [V IL WYLZLU[
(UK [OPZ PZ UV[ Q\Z[ MVY 3.); Z[\KLU[Z
>L ULLK [V WYV]PKL HSS VM V\Y Z[\KLU[Z
^P[O [OL VWWVY[\UP[` [V \UKLYZ[HUK HUK

LTWH[OPZL ^P[O V[OLYZ 0M H Z[\KLU[ YLNHYKSLZZ
VM [OLPY ZL_\HSP[` ^HU[Z [V RUV^ TVYL
HIV\[ 3.); PZZ\LZ HUK [OL ZJOVVS SPIYHY`
PZ ZPNUPMPJHU[S` SHJRPUN PU [OPZ HYLH ^OLYL
^PSS [OL` NV [V SVVR&
:VTL TH` IL [VV ZO` VY LTIHYYHZZLK [V
HWWYVHJO HU HK\S[ HUK HZ LK\JH[VYZ ^L
ZOV\SK IL ^HY` VM [OL PUMVYTH[PVU H]HPSHISL
[V [OLT VU [OL PU[LYUL[ ( ^LSSJOVZLU
SPIYHY` IVVR WYV]PKLZ PUMVYTH[PVU PU H Z\I[SL
HUK ZHML ^H`" ^L JHU ZLSLJ[ [OVZL [OH[ ^PSS
IL TVZ[ ILULMPJPHS [V V\Y Z[\KLU[Z
0M ^L Q\KPJPV\ZS` ZLSLJ[ 3.); MPJ[PVU MVY
V\Y ZJOVVS SPIYHYPLZ ^L JHU WYV]PKL V\Y
Z[\KLU[Z ^P[O PUZWPYH[PVUHS YVSL TVKLSZ HUK
[OL WSH[MVYT MVY \UKLYZ[HUKPUN HUK HJJLW[PUN
[OLPY V^U HUK V[OLY×Z ZL_\HSP[` @LZ I\KNL[Z
HYL [PNO[ )\[ ^L V^L P[ [V V\Y Z[\KLU[Z

3H\YH ;ZHIL[ PZ HZZPZ[HU[ OLHK VM ,UNSPZO H[
9LKIYPKNL *VTT\UP[` :JOVVS PU :V\[OHTW[VU
:OL [^LL[Z 'SH\YH[ZHIL[

Òé üòø éèèï ìñöóìõèç ÷ò õèùì÷äïìöè üòøõ
öæëòòïđö ïìåõäõü åèïòú ìö ä ïìö÷ òé " ÕÐËÝ
Ĥæ÷ìòñäï ÷èû÷ö ÷ò êè÷ üòø ö÷äõ÷èç

! àìïïÐõäüöòñàìïïÐõäüöòñåü Óòëñ Ðõèèñ
äñç Íäùìç Õèùì÷ëäñ
" ËòüÖèè÷öËòüåü Íäùìç Õèùì÷ëäñ
# ÊññìèòñðüÖìñçåü ×äñæü Ðäõçèñ
$ Üìðòñùö÷ëèÑòðòÜäóìèñöÊêèñçä
åü Ëèæîü Êïåèõ÷äïïì
% ÌäõõüØñåü Ûäìñåòú Ûòúèïï
& ÝëèÊõ÷òéËèìñê×òõðäï
åü Õìöä àìïïìäðöòñ
' ØóèñïüÜ÷õäìêë÷åü Ëìïï Ôòñìêöåèõê
( ËèìñêÎðìïüåü Ûäæëèï Ðòïç
) ÏäñÊõ÷åü Üäõäë Ýõèêäü
! Êçäðåü Êõìèï Üæëõäê
!!ÕìèöÖüÐìõïéõìèñçÝòïçÖè
åü Óøïìè Êññè Ùè÷èõö
!"Êõìö÷ò÷ïèäñçÍäñ÷èÍìöæòùèõ÷ëèÜèæõè÷ö
òé÷ëèÞñìùèõöèåü Ëèñíäðìñ Êïìõè ÜŹèñý
!#Ñèõòåü Ùèõõü Öòòõè
!$ÒđïïÐìùèâòø÷ëèÜøñåü Óäñçü ×èïöòñ
!%Ñèõ×äðèìöÓäðèöåü ÌÓ Ñèä÷ë
!&ÝëèÖìöèçøæä÷ìòñòéÌäðèõòñÙòö÷
åü Îðìïü Ö Íäñéòõ÷ë
!'ÝëèÍìééèõèñæèËè÷úèèñâòøäñçÖè
åü Öäçèïèìñè Ðèòõêè
!(ÝõøèÕè÷÷èõöÏõòðäÏìæ÷ìòñäïÕìéè
åü Ôèññè÷ë Õòêäñ
!)àëä÷ÝëèüÊïúäüöÝèïïÞö
åü Öäõ÷ìñ àìïöòñ
" ËèæòðìñêÌëïòèåü Ìä÷ëèõìñè Ûüäñ Ñüçè
Free download pdf