Heinz-Murray 2E.book

248 Part IV: East Asian Civilization pits a cross shape. A wooden chamber was built at the bottom with the coffin, also of wood, ...

Chapter 7 China 249 was the key to this difference in wealth. The Shang state sponsored copper and tin mining, and royal establi ...

250 Part IV: East Asian Civilization collective worship of ancestors, commoners did not have these mechanisms by which to mainta ...

Chapter 7 China 251 ploughed the first furrow of the year (a custom still performed by the emperor of Japan and the king of Thai ...

252 Part IV: East Asian Civilization turies it was called the Western Zhou because the capital was at Chang’an and new forms for ...

Chapter 7 China 253 be pulled by oxen, was discovered, an invention that fueled another phase of the agricultural revolution and ...

254 Part IV: East Asian Civilization chant class from both Chinese tradition and Marx, tried to eliminate the mar- ket system fr ...

Chapter 7 China 255 this offense he was sent to the “Room of the Silk Thread” and castrated. A man of his station would normally ...

256 Part IV: East Asian Civilization Confucius and Laozi shared a contempt for their times but disagreed philo- sophically on wh ...

Chapter 7 China 257 founder of a new dynasty, or the sage-ancestors of society. In focusing on de in the second half of the Daod ...

258 Part IV: East Asian Civilization When Zizhang asked what “these five” were, Confucius said, “Cour- tesy, tolerance, trustwor ...

Chapter 7 China 259 are apt to describe ritual as “empty” and thus “inauthentic” to the self, or merely “going through the motio ...

260 Part IV: East Asian Civilization a civil religion that formed the moral foundation for Chinese civilization throughout the a ...

Chapter 7 China 261 Who was the man for whom this astonishing tomb was built? By the third century B.C.E., the many competing sm ...

262 Part IV: East Asian Civilization lines remained until the twentieth century. Determined to reduce the power of local lineage ...

Chapter 7 China 263 Buddhist values and text-seeking monks and masters for centuries. Chandra- gupta’s grandson, Ashoka, became ...

264 Part IV: East Asian Civilization Because the newly appointed bureaucrats regularly managed to turn them- selves into an aris ...

Chapter 7 China 265 could also stir up trouble if annoyed. Together the shen and shi formed a large and influential class that v ...

266 Part IV: East Asian Civilization Benefits of membership in the shenshi class were immense. Membership required passing at le ...

Chapter 7 China 267 Much as the middle class (or bourgeoisie) that emerged in the West in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries ...