Asia Looks Seaward

(ff) #1
2.Energy Security Initiative: Some Aspects of Oil Security(Tokyo: Asia Pacific Energy
Research Center, 2003), 4.


  1. Steven W. Lewis, Conference Report, ‘‘The Future of Energy Security and Energy Policy
    in Northeast Asia: Cooperation Among China, Japan and the United States,’’ http://
    http://www.rice.edu/energy/research/asiaenergy/docs/UFJ_conferencereport_web.pdf, accessed April
    29, 2007.

  2. L. Wu, ‘‘China’s Oil Security Challenges and its Countermeasures,’’Geopolitics of Energy
    26, no. 11 (2004): 2–5, in Pable Bustelo, ‘‘China and the Geopolitics of Oil in the Asian
    Pacific Region,’’ Working Paper 38/2005 (Madrid: Elcano Royal Institute, 2005), 22–23.

  3. Bustelo, ‘‘China and the Geopolitics of Oil,’’ 25.

  4. U.S. Department of Energy, ‘‘South China Sea,’’Country Analysis Briefs,March 2006,
    http://www.eia.doe.gov.

  5. Peter Kien-Hong Yu, ‘‘The Chinese (Broken) U-Shaped Line in the South China Sea:
    Points, Lines, and Zones,’’Contemporary Southeast Asia25, no. 3 (2003): 405–31.

  6. ‘‘South China Sea Region,’’ U.S. Energy Information Administration,Country Analysis
    Briefs,August 1999, and Greg Austin,China’s Ocean Frontier: International Law, Military
    Force, and National Development(Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1998), http://community.
    middlebury.edu/~scs/scs-intro-t7.html.

  7. Ralf Emmers, ‘‘Maritime Disputes in the South China Sea: Strategic and Diplomatic
    Status Quo,’’ Institute for Defense and Disarmament Studies, Singapore, September 2005,
    6–7.

  8. Liselotte Odgaard, ‘‘The South China Sea: ASEAN’s Security Concerns About China,’’
    Security Dialogue34, no. 1 (2003): 22.

  9. Chris Chung dissertation; Stein Tonnesson, ‘‘Sino-Vietnamese Rapprochement and
    the South China Sea Irritant,’’Security Dialogue34, no. 1 (2003): 55–56.

  10. Sam Bateman, ‘‘Sea Change: Resolving East Asia’s Maritime Disputes,’’Jane’s Intelli-
    gence Review,March 2007, 1–2.

  11. Ibid., 2.

  12. Stein Tonnesson, statement at NorwegianInstitute of International Affairs-IDSS
    Workshop on Maritime Security in Southeast Asia, June 14–15, 2005, Oslo, Norway, in
    Emmers, ‘‘Maritime Disputes in the South China Sea,’’ 15, n. 37. The discovery of large
    deposits in the Berents Sea, together with higher energy prices, has magnified the diverging
    claims of Russia, which bases its claims on a meridian line extending to the North Pole, and
    Norway, which bases claims on the median-line principle.

  13. Alice Ba describes four phases, Kuik Cheng-Chwee three. Alice D. Ba, ‘‘China and
    Asean: Renavigating Relations for a 21st-Century Asia,’’Asian Survey43, no. 4 (July/August
    2003): 622–47; Kuik Cheng-Chwee, ‘‘Multilateralism in China’s ASEAN Policy: Its Evolu-
    tion, Characteristics, and Aspiration,’’Contemporary Southeast Asia27, no. 1 (2005): 102–23.

  14. Ba, ‘‘China and Asean,’’ 623–27.

  15. Cheng-Chwee, ‘‘Multilateralism in China’s ASEAN Policy.’’

  16. Christopher R. Hughes, ‘‘Nationalism and Multilateralism in Chinese Foreign Policy:
    Implications for Southeast Asia,’’Pacific Review18, no. 1 (2005): 119–35.

  17. Denny Roy, ‘‘Southeast Asia and China: Balancing or Bandwagoning?’’Contemporary
    Southeast Asia27, no. 2 (2005): 305–22.

  18. State Council,China’s National Defense in 2006(Defense White Paper), 3.

  19. Roy, ‘‘Southeast Asia and China,’’ 310.

  20. Hughes, ‘‘Nationalism and Multilateralism,’’ 130.


210 Notes

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