An Environmental History of Wildlife in England 1650-1950

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ribbed melilot (Melilotus
officinalis) 181
Richardson, Richard 44
Richmond, Nathaniel 127
ridge and furrow 6, 39, 111
ringed plover 31, 154
roach (Rutilus rutilus) 161
roads 53, 83, 86, 97, 117, 127, 138,
165, 168, 173
on commons 144
improvement of 77, 88, 123,
159, 170
roadside trees 153, 166
urban and suburban roads 169 , 172
robin 9, 49, 52, 173, 177
Robinson, William 171
rock dove 16, 60
rockrose (Helianthemum
chamaecistus) 61
roe deer 9, 14–15, 151
Roman(s) 4, 8–9, 12–13, 15, 20, 122
Romney Marsh, Kent 32
rook 9, 54, 124, 176, 180
rosebay willow herb (Chamaenerion
augustifolium) 86, 167
rose-coloured pastor 156
Rotherham, I. D. and R. A.
Lambert 190
rough grazing 4, 92, 143–4
rowan 2, 46, 83, 167
royal fern (Osmunda regalis) 135
royal forests 14–15, 20–2, 35, 44,
56, 68
Rockingham 56
Whittlewood 56
Royal Society for the Protection of
Animals 136
rubbish disposal 78, 179
ruff 103
ruffe 85
Ruggles, Thomas 106
Rushton House, Northamptonshire 63
Russia 60, 171
Rutland 125
rye 40

sainfoin 40
St Albans, Hertfordshire 15, 63, 64
St Ives 66

salad burnet (Poterium sanguisorba) 28

Salford 80

Salisbury Plain 30, 98

sallow 46, 51, 104, 146

salmon 78–9

salt marsh see marshes

sand catchfly (Silene conica) 25

sand lizard 28

sand martin 176

sand sedge (Carex arenaria) 87

Santon Downham, Suffolk 66

saw sedge (Cladium mariscus) 33, 151

sawflies 108, 174

scilla 171

Scotland 9, 121, 134, 154, 187

Scots pine see pine

sea fern-grass (Catapodium

marinum) 31

sea milkwort (Glaux maritime) 178

sea plantain (Plantago maritime) 178

sedge warbler 110, 179

selfheal (Prunella vulgaris) 173

sewage farms 179–80, 192

Shasta daisy 167, 172

Sheail, John 138, 152

sheep 4, 7, 9, 20, 40, 55, 69, 91, 128,

136, 143, 145, 184

on chalk downland 31

on heaths/commons 25, 27, 96,

100–1, 143

on marsh 32

on moors 29, 100, 123, 143

new breeds 92

sheep-corn husbandry 6, 25, 27,

31, 38, 92, 96 , 98, 146

sheep’s fescue (Festuca ovina) 25

Sheffield 80, 168

shelduck 31

shellfish 32

shepherd’s needle (Scandix pectin-

veneris) 40

shepherd’s purse 173, 179

Sherwood Forest,

Nottinghamshire 66, 129

shooting 69–70, 98, 122–6, 128, 132,

144, 146–8, 148 , 156, 186–7

short-eared owl 100

shoveller 10

shredding 20